Research Article |
Corresponding author: Igor Souza-Gonçalves ( igao_bio@yahoo.com.br ) Academic editor: Ângelo Pinto
© 2017 Igor Souza-Gonçalves, Cristiano Lopes-Andrade.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Souza-Gonçalves I, Lopes-Andrade C (2017) Taxonomy of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from the Australian and Oriental regions with descriptions of new species of Scolytocis and Xylographella. Zoologia 34: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13730
|
Xylographellini beetles occur mainly in lands of the Southern Hemisphere. However, the taxonomy of Australian and Oriental species is incipient. The tribe comprises four genera, of which Scolytocis Blair, 1928 and Xylographella Miyatake, 1985 were recently redescribed and reported from Australia but without descriptions of new species. Here, three new species of Xylographellini are described: Scolytocis australimontensis sp. n. from Australia, with smooth interspaces of pronotal punctures; Scolytocis insularis sp. n. from the Pohnpei Island (Caroline Islands, Micronesia), with microstriated interspaces of pronotal punctures; and Xylographella frithae sp. n. from Australia, with six raised keels in elytral declivity. Scolytocis samoensis Blair, 1928, type species of the genus, is recorded from Guam (Mariana Islands, Micronesia) and redescribed. Keys for the Scolytocis and Xylographella occurring in the Australian and Oriental regions are also provided.
Australia, ciid, Ciinae , Micronesia, minute tree-fungus beetles
Xylographellini (Ciidae: Ciinae) comprises four genera in two subtribes (
Our objective is to describe three new species of Xylographellini: Scolytocis australimontensis sp. n. and Xylographella frithae sp. n. from the Australian region; and Scolytocis insularis sp. n. from the Oriental region. Moreover, Sc. samoensis is recorded for the first time from Guam (Mariana Islands) and redescribed. Identification keys to Australian and Oriental Scolytocis and to all known species of Xylographella are also provided.
Generic limits follow
The terminology for the external morphology of adult ciids follows
Scolytocis danae Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015, is included in the key to Oriental Scolytocis. Although it is known only from the Chinese transition zone, it is morphologically closely related to the oriental Sc. philippinensis, Sc. thayerae and Sc. zimmermani (
Transcription of labels, dissection, photography and measurement of specimens follow the methods provided by
1 | Metatibiae with outer edge straight (Fig. |
5 |
1’ | Metatibiae with outer edge broadly rounded, without a distinction between outer and apical edges; spines of outer edge very close to each other at apical half and TL at least 1.26 mm | 2 |
2 | Apical antennomere of club longer than preceding two antennomeres together | 4 |
2’ | Apical antennomere of club shorter than preceding two antennomeres together | 3 |
3 | Prosternum with longitudinal carina in front of coxae conspicuous. TL less than 1.40 mm. Known from the Philippines | Scolytocis philippinensis Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
3’ | Prosternum devoid of a longitudinal carina in front of coxae. TL more than 2.10 mm. Known from southeast China | Scolytocis danae Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015 |
4 | Prosternum biconcave. TL more than 1.70 mm. Known from the Philippines | Scolytocis thayerae Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
4’ | Prosternum concave. TL less than 1.70 mm. Known from Fiji | Scolytocis zimmermani Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
5 | Pronotum with a rugose border along the posterior edge | 8 |
5’ | Pronotum lacking a rugose border along the posterior edge, the surface similar to that of pronotal disc | 6 |
6 | CL/FL at least 1.80. Known from Malaysia | Scolytocis malayanus Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
6’ | CL/FL 1.60 or less | 7 |
7 | Metatibiae with a clear distinction between outer and apical edges (Fig. |
Scolytocis samoensis Blair, 1928 |
7’ | Metatibiae without a clear distinction between outer and apical edges (Fig. |
Scolytocis insularis sp. n. |
8 | Pronotum with interspaces of punctures smooth. Known from Australia | Scolytocis australimontensis sp. n. |
8’ | Pronotum with interspaces of punctures microreticulate | 9 |
9 | Posterior pronotal edge with a narrow rugose border. Metaventrite bearing a conspicuous and long discrimen. Known from the Philippines | Scolytocis werneri Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
9’ | Posterior pronotal edge with a broad rugose border. Discrimen short, not reaching the middle of metaventrite. Known from Northern New Zealand | Scolytocis novaezelandiae Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
Scolytocis
sp. in
Mount Haig, state of Queensland, northeastern Australia (17°06’S, 145°29’E).
Scolytocis australimontensis sp. n. can be distinguished from other Australian and Oriental species of Scolytocis by the combination of the following features: pronotum with a conspicuous rugose border along the posterior edge and smooth interspaces of punctures; metatibiae with a clear distinction between the outer and apical edges, the outer edge being straight and bearing at least five spines separated from each other by more than a spine-width. Scolytocis novazelandiae has a similar posterior pronotal border, but interspaces of punctures are microreticulate. Scolytocis werneri has a comparatively narrower posterior pronotal border and interspaces of punctures are coarsely reticulate.
(Figs
Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 7, including the holotype): TL 1.10–1.33 (1.16 ± 0.07), PL 0.38–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.02), PW 0.45–0.55 (0.48 ± 0.04), EL 0.70–0.90 (0.77 ± 0.06), EW 0.50–0.63 (0.55 ± 0.04), GD 0.45–0.55 (0.49 ± 0.03), PL/PW 0.75–0.89 (0.82 ± 0.05), EL/EW 1.33–1.55 (1.41 ± 0.08), EL/PL 1.75–2.12 (1.96 ± 0.14), GD/EW 0.86–0.95 (0.88 ± 0.03), TL/EW 2.00–2.30 (2.13 ± 0.10).
Australia: holotype (
The species name derives from the Latin adjectives “australis”, which means “of the South” and refers to Australia, and “montensis”, which means “of or belonging to mountains”, both in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the Australian mountains where most specimens were collected.
This new species was collected only in localities above 800 m, three of them at Australian mountains (Mount Haig, Mount Edith and Mount Bartle Frere) (Fig.
Kolonia, Pohnpei Island, state of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (6°57’N, 158°12’E).
Scolytocis insularis sp. n. can be distinguished from other Australian and Oriental species of Scolytocis by combination of the following features: pronotum with interspaces of punctures microstriated and posterior edge devoid of a rugose border; metatibiae without a clear distinction between outer and apical edges, the outer edge being slightly rounded.
(Figs
Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 2, including the holotype): TL 1.05–1.15, PL 0.35–0.38, PW 0.48–0.48, EL 0.73–0.78, EW 0.48–0.53, GD 0.48–0.49, PL/PW 0.74–0.79, EL/EW 1.48–1.53, EL/PL 2.07, GD/EW 0.95–1.00, TL/EW 2.19–2.26.
Federated States of Micronesia: holotype (
The species name is a Latin adjective in the genitive singular and means relative or belonging to an island, in reference to the insular distribution of this species.
This new species is known only from the type locality, Kolonia, a coastal town and capital of the state of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia (Fig.
Scolytocis
samoensis
:
Pago Pago, Tutuila, Samoa, Polynesia (14°16’S, 170°42’W).
Scolytocis samoensis can be distinguished from other Australian and Oriental Scolytocis by the following combination of features: pronotum devoid of a rugose border along the posterior edge; metatibiae with a clear distinction between outer and apical edges, the outer edge being straight and usually bearing three well-separated spines (Fig.
(Figs
Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 15): TL 1.00–1.23 (1.11 ± 0.07), PL 0.38–0.43 (0.40 ± 0.02), PW 0.43–0.53 (0.48 ± 0.03), EL 0.63–0.80 (0.71 ± 0.06), EW 0.48–0.55 (0.53 ± 0.03), GD 0.45–0.53 (0.50 ± 0.03), PL/PW 0.75–0.89 (0.83 ± 0.04), EL/EW 1.25–1.45 (1.34 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.56–1.94 (1.79 ± 0.12), GD/EW 0.82–1.16 (0.95 ± 0.08), TL/EW 1.95–2.23 (2.10 ± 0.07).
Guam: 15 specimens (8
Scolytocis samoensis is the type species of the genus and was described based on a single specimen from Samoa, possibly a female, deposited in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (Hawaii, USA).
1 | Pronotum with interspaces of punctures microreticulate. Elytra with apical declivity (posterior one-third of elytra) smooth, lacking raised keels. Known from Japan | Xylographella punctata Miyatake, 1985 |
– | Pronotum with interspaces of punctures smooth. Elytra with apical declivity bearing raised keels | 2 |
2 | TL > 2.05 mm. Elytra with apical declivity bearing twelve raised keels (six in each elytron). Known from the Philippines | Xylographella speciosa Lopes-Andrade, 2008 |
– | TL < 1.90 mm. Elytra with apical declivity bearing six raised keels (three in each elytron). Known from Australia | Xylographella frithae sp. n. |
Xylographella
sp. in
Paluma, state of Queensland, northeastern Australia (18°56’S, 146°10’E).
Xylographella frithae sp. n. differs from X. punctata in possessing longitudinal raised keels at elytral declivity and in the smooth interspaces of pronotal punctures. It is closely related to X. speciosa, but differs in possessing six longitudinal raised keels at elytral declivity, rather than twelve, and in being comparatively smaller (TL less than 1.90 mm).
(Figs
Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 17, including the holotype): TL 1.48–1.88 (1.64 ± 0.10), PL 0.50–0.60 (0.54 ± 0.03), PW 0.65–0.80 (0.70 ± 0.04), EL 0.95–1.28 (1.09 ± 0.08), EW 0.68–0.85 (0.76 ± 0.05), GD 0.65–0.85 (0.71 ± 0.05), PL/PW 0.74–0.81 (0.78 ± 0.02), EL/EW 1.31–1.61 (1.44 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.75–2.29 (2.01 ± 0.16), GD/EW 0.87–1.00 (0.94 ± 0.04), TL/EW 2.03–2.32 (2.17 ± 0.08).
Australia: holotype (
Phylloporia pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden (Hymenochaetaceae), two records; Nigrofomes melanoporus (Mont.) Murrill (Polyporaceae), one record; Nigroporus Murrill (Polyporaceae), one record.
The new species is named in honor of the ornithologist Dawn Whyatt Frith, who collected all specimens from the type locality. The species name is Latinized from “Frith” using the feminine suffix in the genitive singular (-ae).
This is the first described species of Xylographella from the Australian region. The genus encompasses only two other species: X. punctata Miyatake, 1985 and X. speciosa Lopes-Andrade, 2008, the former from the Japanese islands of Honshu and Shikoku, and the latter from the provinces of Mindanao and Luzon in the Philippines. Images of X. frithae were recently provided by
Holotype of Xylographella frithae sp. n. from Queensland, Australia: (16) dorsal view; (17) lateral view; (18) ventral view; (19) apical declivity of elytra; (20) left metatibia. Dissected male terminalia of paratypes: (21) sternite VIII; (22) tegmen; (23) aedeagus showing tegmen (teg) and penis (pen). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (16–8); 0.2 mm (19); 0.1 mm (20–23).
Distribution of the new species of Xylographellini in the Australian and Oriental regions, and new record for Scolytocis samoensis Blair from Guam: Sc. australimontensis sp. n. (black triangle); Sc. insularis sp. n. (black circle); Sc. samoensis (black square); X. frithae sp. n. (white square).
We would like to especially thank John Francis Lawrence for giving us the opportunity to work on these Xylographellini and to the staff of