Schematic representation of the character states used in the cladistics analysis of Ateralphus and related genera, Alphus and Exalphus. 1–2, head in dorsal view: 1, Ateralphus subsellatus, posterior margin rounded (1:0; black arrow) and coronal suture reaching posterior margin (2:1); 2, Exalphus leuconotus (Thomson, 1860), posterior margin triangular (1:1; black arrow) and coronal suture reaching posterior margin (2:0; striped arrow). 3–5, shape of scape: C3, A. albitarsis, scape piriform (9:0); 4, A. subsellatus, scape gradually expanded toward apex, reaching the widest diameter at one third from apex (9:1); 5, Ateralphus variegatus, scape gradually expanded toward apex, reaching the widest diameter near the apex (9:2). 6–9, head in frontal view: 6, A. albitarsis, row of setae reaching the base of the lower ocular lobes (5:0) and genae divergent toward apex (8:0); 7, A. subsellatus, row of setae reaching the basal half of the antennal tubercles (5:1) and genae convergent toward apex (8:2); 8, E. leuconotus, row of setae reaching the antennal tubercles (5:2) and genae parallel (8:1); 9, Cotyzineus bruchi, only one seta at half of the lower ocular lobes (5:3). 10–12, prothorax in lateral view (character states are indicated by black arrow): 10, Alphus tuberosus (Germar, 1824), pronotum straight near anterior margin (16:0); 11, A. subsellatus, pronotum slight depressed near anterior margin (16:1); 12, E. leuconotus, pronotum deeply depressed near anterior margin (16:0).