Corresponding author: Viviane Rodrigues de Sousa (
Although the host plants of all Neotropical
The identification of
This paper describes fourteen new species of
Specimens were collected in three Brazilian states: Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia, where expeditions were made during 2011 and 2013, as part of the “SISBIOTA
Male and female terminalia were macerated in KOH 10% for 48 hours and then placed in concave slides with glycerin for dissection. The drawings were made under an optical microscope using a camera lucida. Digital images of the species were made using a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope and the AutoMontage software (Syncroscopy, version 5.03.0061). The terminology follows
A key was elaborated to segregate the 32 species recorded from the Neotropical region and includes information on their geographical distribution, illustrations of the male terminalia for the new species, and illustrations and diagnoses available in the literature (for the previously described species). Additional characters are added within brackets. The types of the species from Brazil are deposited in the MZUSP collection, and were examined for the preparation of the key and for comparisons with the new species. Only the terminali of the adult male of
Abbreviations for morphological and chaetotaxy terms: (acr) acrostichal setulae; (C) costal vein; (CuA1) cubital A1; (dc) dorsocentral seta; (dm-cu) discal medial-cubital crossvein; (ia) intra-alar seta; (ivt) inner vertical seta; (M) medial vein; (npl) notopleural seta; (oc) ocellar seta; (ori) lower frontal seta; (ors) upper frontal seta; (ovt) outer vertical seta; (pal) postalar seta; (pd) posterodorsal seta; (pp) propleural seta; (pprn) postpronotal (humeral) seta; (prs) presutural seta; (R1) first radial vein; (R4+5) third radial vein; (r-m) radial medial crossvein; (Sc) subcostal vein.
All
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia]: Campo Novo. Fazenda Amorim.
Map of the collecting localities in Brazil: (1)
Male. Body length 2.0 mm; wing length 2.2 mm (Fig.
Adults, lateral view: (5)
Adults, lateral view: (15)
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate black, weakly shining; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle black, greyish pollinose; lunule silvery; face greyish-brown; clypeus black subshining; gena dark brown; scape and pedicel brown; first flagellomere dark brown; arista and palpus brown; proboscis and labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum slightly shining black, with yellow area before scutellum and forming two distinct bands divided by narrow yellow stripe (Fig.
Color pattern of the scutum: (26)
Head. Frons slightly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate ori, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; facial keel differenciated, extending to bases of antennae, slightly widening below; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 5; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, about 20% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.06 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, almost same vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa long and strong, measuring half of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in eight irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, first presutural broken, second and third long, last one a little stronger; 2 npl, posterior one shorter. Wings. Wing tip nearer to R4+5 than to M; R4+5 and M slightly recurved; C sections 2–4 in proportion: 0.58: 0.23: 0.17; ultimate section of CuA1 0.8 length of basal section; r-m basal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd, mid tibia with 3 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae and two strong spines at base; cercus long, 2/3 height of epandrium, setulose with distinct seta at apex; postgonite with three basal setae in ventral view; surstylus with 10–11 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about three times length of hypandrium; mesophallus bulb-shaped; distiphallus short, with same length of mesophallus and sclerotized at base (Figs
(36–38)
Rondônia (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the Amazonian Rain Forest biome, where the species was found.
This new species differs from congeners by the chaetotaxy of the mid tibia with 3 pd median setae, postgonite with three basal setae, surstylus with 10–11 setae, distiphallus with median constriction, and ejaculatory apodeme very broad.
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia]: Cacaulândia. Cachoeira do Jamari.
Male. Body length 3.3 mm; wing length 2.9 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle weakly shining black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; lunule yellowish-silvery; face greyish-brown; clypeus shiny black; gena dark brown; antenna entirely dark brown; arista and palpus brown; proboscis brownish-yellow; labellum brownish-yellow, with light setae; scutum mat black, with yellow area before scutellum, forming one short band divided by narrow yellow stripe (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclined inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate, in one row; facial keel not differenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 12; ocellar triangle short, ending to second ors; lunule very high, about 40% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.04 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, almost same vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa strong, measuring 2/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in seven irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, third longer and stronger than others; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M straight; C sections 2–4 in proportion: 0.61: 0.22: 0.16; ultimate section of CuA1 0.55 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded, setulose, with long setae; cercus long, large, about 1/3 height of epandrium and with small and thin setae; surstylus short, rounded, with about 11–13 long and strong setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about three times length of hypandrium; basiphallus rounded; distiphallus short (Figs
Rondônia (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Cacaulândia, where the holotype was collected.
This new species has a singularly infuscated wing with a brown area above Sc and in cup cell. This pattern has not been seen in any other species of
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia], Campo Novo, Fazenda Amorim
Male. Body length 1.9–2.4 mm; wing length 2.1–2.3 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons and fronto-orbital plate mat black, with lower half reddish-brown; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black, grey pollinose; lunule silver brown; face brown; clypeus shining black; gena brown; antenna entirely orange brown; arista brown; palpus yellow, with black setae apically; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum brown, grey pollinose presuturaly, with transverse band brown weakly shinning postsuturaly, light yellow laterally and before scutellum (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae erect in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 4; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, about 28% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.04 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, almost same vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa long and strong, measuring 2/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in eight irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, presutural and first postsutural shorter than second and third; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip nearer R4+5 than M; R4+5 and M straight; C sections 2–4: 0.72:0.16:0.12; ultimate section of CuA1 with same length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus short, about 1/3 height of epandrium, with long setae; surstylus rounded, triangular on apex, with about 32 setae; hypandrium short and U-shaped; phallapodeme about 2.5 length of hypandrium; mesophallus well sclerotized, V-shaped; distiphallus sclerotized with two arms, with membrane surrounding it (Figs
Rondônia (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the common characters showed by the species within the genus, except the male terminalia.
This new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype ♂: BRASIL: MT [Mato Grosso], Chapada dos Guimarães (cerrado) – Trilha da Cach. Andorinha.
Male. Body length 1.8 mm; wing length 1.7 mm (Fig.
Female. Body length 2.1–2.2 mm; wing length 1.9–2.2 mm (Fig.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate shining black; upper shiny dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule silvery; face greyish-black; clypeus black subshining; gena brown; antenna and arista entirely brown; palpus brown; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum weakly shining brown, light yellow laterally and before scutellum, black ia area of scutum not reaching scutellum and forming two distinct bands divided by narrow yellow stripe (Fig.
Head. Frons slightly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, first ori more inclinate than second ori and slightly thinner and shorter than others; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 6; ocellar triangle short, ending shortly after second ors; lunule a little high, about 16% of frons length; clypeus obtuse; epistoma height 0.02 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, same size vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and thin, measuring about 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in six irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, presutural thinner and shorter than others, second broken, third and fourth long and strong; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip nearer R4+5 than to M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4: 0.72:0.18:0.09; ultimate section of CuA1 0.9 length of basal section; r-m basal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus long, slightly more than 2/3 height of epandrium and with long setae and 2 distinct at apex; surstylus rounded with about 11–19 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about 2.5 times length of hypandrium; basiphallus and distiphallus membranous; distiphallus membranous, sclerotized centrally (Figs
(45–49)
Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the membranous and delicate phallus.
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia]: Monte Negro. Setor Chacareiro.
Male. Body length 1.7 mm; wing length 1.9 mm (Fig.
Female. Body length 2.3 mm; wing length 2.0 mm (Fig.
Color. Frons egg yellow in lower half and yellow with pollinose silver on upper half; fronto-orbital plate yellow; upper dark orbit touching ovt and yellowish in ivt; ocellar triangle brownish-black; lunule and face greyish-yellow; clypeus dark subshining; gena yellow; scape and pedicel dark brown, first flagellomere dark brown, orange anteriorly; arista brown; palpus yellow, with black and yellow setae apically; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum brown, grey pollinose, light greyish-yellow before scutellum (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, ori slightly thinner and shorter than ors; orbital setulae thin and short, slightly reclinate in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 5.5; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule a little high, about 14% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.01 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, slightly longer than vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, measuring about 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in seven irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, increasing size from presutural to third postutural; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M straight; C sections 2–4: 0.66:0.16:0.16; ultimate section of CuA1 0.8 length of basal section; r-m at midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus long, about 2/3 height of epandrium and with long setae; postgonite with basal seta in ventral view; surstylus rounded with about 11–18 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about 2.5 times length of hypandrium; distiphallus as in Figs
Rondônia and Mato Grosso (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the egg-yellow frons of the species.
This new species resembles
1 ♂, BRASIL, MS [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Corguinho, Taboco, Reserva Quinta do Sol.
Male. Body length 3.2 mm; wing length 2.6 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate shining black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule silvery; face brown with grey pollinose; clypeus black, sligltly shiny; gena dark brown; antenna and arista entirely brown; palpus brown; proboscis light brown; labellum light brown, with brown setae; scutum dark brown, weakly shining; scutellum dark brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, anepimeron, anepisternum, katepimeron, katepisternum, and meron dark brown; haltere entirely light yellow; calypters light yellow with margin and fringe brown; upper fourth of wing brown and with brown area from radial sector reaching transversal r-m and dm-cu veins; legs dark brown; pulvilli yellow; abdomen entirely dark brown.
Head. Frons strongly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 ors, first broken, second reclinate; 2 sligtly reclinate ori, ori shorter and thinner than ors; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 3; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, about 30% of frons length; clypeus obtuse; epistoma height 0.04 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, about 2/3 of vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa strong, measuring half of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in eight irregular rows; prsc present; 1+3 dc, increasing in size from presutural to third postsutural; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M slightly recurved; C sections 2–4: 0.68:0.15:0.15; ultimate section of CuA1 0.44 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm, close to limit of apical third. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium large and rounded with long setae; cercus short, slightly less than 1/3 height of epandrium and with long setae and one distinct at apex; surstylus oblong and large with about 23–32 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; mesophallus tubular; distiphallus as in Figs
(55–57)
Panama, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). New record from Brazil.
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia]: Campo Novo. Fazenda Amorim.
Male. Body length 2.4–2.5 mm; wing length 1.9–2.0 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate black, weakly shining; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt ocellar triangle black, greyish pollinose; lunule silvery; face greyish-brown; clypeus black subshining; gena dark brown; scape and pedicel brown; first flagellomere dark brown; arista and palpus brown; proboscis and labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum weakly shining black, with yellow area before scutellum (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 4.5; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, about 23% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.03 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, almost same vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in eight irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, presutural short and thin first postsutural broken, second and third long and strong; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M sligtly recurved; C sections 2–4: 0.66:0.2:0.13; ultimate section of CuA1 0.85 length of basal section; r-m basal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd (present in one paratype); mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus short, about 1/3 height of epandrium, setulose and with 4 distinct long apical setae; postgonite with 3–4 short setae at apex; surstylus rounded, with about 12 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; mesophallus simple and straight; distiphallus rounded with two sclerotized areas centrally (Figs
Rondônia (Brazil).
The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Carlos Einicker Lamas (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo) in recognition of his great contribution to the Brazilian
This new species resembles
Holotype ♂: BRASIL: MS [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Corguinho, Taboco, Reserva Quinta do Sol.
Male. Body length 2.4 mm; wing length 2.25 mm (Fig.
Female. Body length 2.7 mm; wing length 2.4 mm (Fig.
Color. Frons mat black, more brownish at base; fronto-orbital plate shining black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule silvery; face black with grey pollinose; clypeus mat black; gena dark brown; scape and pedicel brown; first flagellomere brown, light brown apically; arista and palpus brown; proboscis light brown; labellum light brown, with yellow setae; scutum dark brown, grey pollinose, light yellow before scutellum (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 ors and 2 ori, all reclinate and similar in size; orbital setulae erect in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 0.6 mm; ocellar triangle short, extending before second ors; lunule high, 23% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.05 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, slightly longer than vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, measuring about 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in nine irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, presutural and first postsutural shorter than two others; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M slightly recurved; C sections 2–4 in proportions: 0.64:0.17:0.17; ultimate section of CuA1 with same length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium large and rounded with long setae; cercus short, about 1/3 height of epandrium and with long setae and 2 at apex; postgonite with three basal setae in ventral view; surstylus triangular with about 38 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about 2.5 times length of hypandrium; mesophallus tubular basally and enlarged to distal end; distiphallus very complex, as in Figs
Rondônia, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the large size of the ejaculatory apodeme.
This new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia]: Campo Novo. Fazenda Amorim
Male. Body length 2.9 mm; wing length 2.1 mm (Fig.
Female. Body length 2.0 mm; wing length 1.3 mm (Fig.
Color. Frons mat black, greyish pollinose; fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle mat black; upper shiny dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; upper shinning dark orbit touching lunule and face silvery; clypeus mat black; gena greyish-black; scape and pedicel brown; first flagellomere orange brown; arista brown; palpus orange, with black setae apically; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum and all pleurae uniformly brown, grey pollinose; haltere entirely light yellow; calypters light yellow, with margin and fringe brown; wing clear, yellow at base; legs dark brown; pulvilli yellow; abdomen entirely brown.
Head. Frons slightly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 reclinate inwards ori, similar in size; interfrontal hairs absent; orbital setulae erect in one row; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 9; ocellar triangle short, ending well before second ors; lunule high, 25% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.06 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, slightly longer than vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa long and strong, measuring half of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in six irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, increasing in size from prescutelar; 2 npl, anterior one shorter than posterior. Wings. Wing tip nearer to R4+5 than M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4 in proportions: 0.71:0.14:0.14; ultimate section of CuA1 1.37 length of basal section; r-m distal midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 1 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae (Fig.
(66–70
Rondônia and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the great number of setae on surstylus.
This new species closely resembles
Holotype ♂: BRASIL: RO [Rondônia]: Campo Novo. Fazenda Amorim
Male. Body length 2.1 mm; wing length 1.7 mm (Fig.
Female. Body length 2.4 mm; wing length: 1.75 mm (Fig.
Color. Frons, fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle mat black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; lunule silvery; face brown; clypeus black subshining; gena dark brown; scape and pedicel brown; first flagellomere brown, yellow apically; arista brown; palpus yellow; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum brown with grey pollinose, light yellow before scutellum (Fig.
Head. Frons slightly visible above the eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae erect, in one row; eye bare; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 8; ocellar triangle short, ending before the second ors; lunule slightly high, 16,6% of frons length; clypeus obtuse; epistoma height 0.05 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, more than 2/3 of the vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, measuring 1/3 of the aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in six irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, increasing in length from presutural; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4 in proportion: 0.58: 0.25: 0.16; ultimate section of CuA1 1.14 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 1 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium triangular with long setae; cercus short, about 1/3 height of epandrium and with setae; surstylus short, with about 19 setae; hypandrium U-shaped and short; phallapodeme about three times length of hypandrium; basiphallus with two arms; distiphallus straight (Figs
Rondônia and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).
The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Silvio Nihei (Universidade de São Paulo) in recognition of his great contribution to our knowledge of the Neotropical
This new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, MS [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Corguinho, Taboco, Reserva Quinta do Sol.
Male. Body length 2.1 mm; wing length 2.0 mm (Fig.
Female. Body length 2.7 mm; wing length 2.2 mm (Fig.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate shining black; upper dark orbit touching ov and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule grey; face black with grey pollinose; clypeus black subshinig; gena dark brown; antenna and arista entirely brown; palpus brown; proboscis light brown; labellum light brown, with brown setae; scutum dark brown, weakly shining; scutellum dark brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, anepimeron, anepisternum, katepimeron, katepisternum and meron dark brown; haltere entirely yellow; calypters light yellow with margin and fringe black; wing clear, yellow at base; legs dark brown; pulvilli yellow; abdomen entirely shining dark brown.
Head. Frons slightly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 reclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae erect in one row; facial keel undiferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 0.5; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, 20% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.04 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, more than 2/3 of vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; palpus flattened; vibrissa short and strong, measuring about 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in eight irregular rows; prsc present; 1+3 dc, presutural and first postsutural with same size, smaller than second and third, this longer than anterior one; 2 npl, anterior one shorter than posterior one. Wings. Wing tip nearer to R4+5 than to M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4: 0.60:0.20:0.20; ultimate section of vein CuA1 1.1 the length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 3 pd on the middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium large and rounded with long setae; cercus long, about 2/3 height of epandrium and with long setae; postgonite with two basal setae in lateral view; surstylus oblong with about 13–20 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about 2.5 times the length of the hypandrium; mesophallus sclerotized; distiphallus tulip-shaped (Figs
(76–80)
Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin words
This new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype ♂: BRASIL: RO [Rondônia]: Porto Velho. Rio Madeira – Ahe Jirau
Male. Body length 3.0 mm; wing length 2.8 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle weakly shining black; upper shining dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; lunule silvery; face greyish-black; clypeus black subshining; gena dark brown; antenna and arista entirely brown; palpus brown; proboscis brownish-yellow; labellum brownish-yellow, with light setae; scutum shining black, with yellow area before scutellum, black intra-alar area of scutum almost reaching scutellum and forming one short band divided by narrow yellow stripe (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae erect in one row; facial keel undiferenciated; eye height/parafacialia+gena: 0.9; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, 11% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.03 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, more than 2/3 of vertical height of eye, short pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, measuring about 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in seven irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, increasing in size from presutural; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M slightly recurved; C sections 2–4: 0.69:0.15:0.15; ultimate section of CuA1 0.58 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm, close to limit of apical third. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded setulose with long setae; cercus long, about 2/3 height of epandrium setulose and with long setae; surstylus rounded, with 6–11 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about 2.5 length of hypandrium; basiphallus bifid; mesophallus rounded; distiphallus membranous, pear-shaped in dorsal view (Figs
Rondônia (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the pear-shaped distiphallus.
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, RO [Rondônia]: Campo Novo. Fazenda Amorim
Male. Body length 2.5 mm; wing length 2.0–2.3 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons and fronto-orbital plate mat black, with basal half reddish-brown; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black, grey pollinose; lunule and face grey; clypeus mat black; gena brown; scape and pedicel orange; first flagellomere brown, orange apically; arista brown; palpus brown, with black setae apically; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae; scutum brown, grey pollinose; scutellum greyish-black, postpronotum and notopleuron brown, grey pollinose; anepimeron brown; anepisternum greyish-brown; katepimeron, katepisternum and meron dark brown; haltere entirely yellow; calypters light yellow, with margin and fringe black; wing clear; legs brown; pulvilli yellow; abdomen entirely brown.
Head. Frons slightly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwads ori, similar in size; orbital setulae erect in one row; facial keel undifferentiated; eye height/gena+parafacialia: 5; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, about 20% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.03 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista long, with same measure of vertical height of eye, minutely pubescent; vibrissa long and strong, measuring almost half of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in eight irregular rows; prsc present; 1+3 dc, increasing in length from prescutellar; 2 npl, anterior longer than posterior. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections in proportion: 2–4: 0.64:0.17:0.17; ultimate section of CuA1 0.5 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 1 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded, wider than heigh, with long setae; cercus long, about 2/3 height of epandrium and with long setae and distinct seta at apex; surstylus rounded with about 10 setae; hypandrium U-shaped with small projection on apex; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; mesophallus simple and thin; distiphallus sclerotized with two medium arms (Figs
Rondônia (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the simple shape of the phallus.
Holotype ♂: BRASIL, MT [Mato Grosso]: Chapada dos Guimarães – Vale da Benção.
Male. Body length 1.8 mm; wing length 1.7 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate weakly shining black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule silvery; face greyish-black; clypeus black, slightly shiny; gena brown; antenna and arista entirely blackish-brown; palpus brown; proboscis light yellow; labellum light yellow, with yellow setae; scutum weakly shining black, strongly yellow laterally and before scutellum, black intra-alar area of scutum not reaching scutellum and forming two distinct bands divided by narrow yellow stripe (Fig.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; facial keel undifferentiated; eye margins little divergent towards vertex; eye height/gena+parafacialia: 5; ocellar triangle short, ending before second ors; lunule high, 17.6% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.02 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista longer than eye height, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and thin, measuring less than 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in seven irregular rows; prsc absent; 1+3 dc, increasing in length from presutural; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip nearer to R4+5 than to M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4 in proportion: 0.58:0.25:0.16; ultimate section of CuA1 0.9 length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus very long, with almost same size of height of epandrium and with long setae and distinct seta on apex in lateral view; postgonite with one basal seta in ventral view; surstylus rounded with about 8–13 setae and two strong spines; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; mesophallus tubular; distiphallus bulb-shaped with one apical spine on each side (Figs
(87–89)
Mato Grosso (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the presence of two spines on the distiphallus.
This new species is close to
Holotype ♂: BRASIL: MS [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Corumbá. BEP – Trans. Ciliar/Paratudal
Male. Body length 2.75 mm; wing length 2.5 mm (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Color. Frons mat black; fronto-orbital plate shining black; upper dark orbit touching ovt and ivt; ocellar triangle mat black; lunule silvery; face dark brown; clypeus black subshining; gena dark brown; antenna and arista entirely brown; palpus brown; proboscis brown; labellum brown, with brown setae; scutum and scutellum shining dark brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, anepimeron, anepisternum, katepimeron, katepisternum, meron and haltere entirely yellow; calypters light yellow with margin and fringe black; wing clear, yellow at base; legs dark brown; pulvilli yellow; abdomen entirely dark brown.
Head. Frons not visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate ors and 2 inclinate inwards ori, similar in size; orbital setulae slightly reclinate in one row; eye bare; facial keel undifferenciated; eye height/gena+parafacialia: 0.7; ocellar triangle short, ending before ors; lunule high and large, about 21% of frons length; clypeus rounded; epistoma height 0.05 mm; first flagellomere rounded and finely pubescent; arista as long as vertical height of eye, finely pubescent; vibrissa short and strong, about 1/3 of aristal length.
Thorax. Acr in nine irregular rows; prsc present; 0+2 dc, first smaller than last one; 2 npl, similar in size. Wings. Wing tip between R4+5 and M; R4+5 and M erect; C sections 2–4 in proportion: 0.58:0.23:0.17; ultimate section of vein CuA1 0.75 length of basal section; r-m past middle point of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without pd; mid tibia with 2 pd on middle third.
Terminalia. Epandrium large and rounded with long setae; cercus short, about 1/3 height of epandrium and with long setae; surstylus rounded with about 12–16 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; basiphallus simple, membranous; mesophallus tubular; distiphallus bifid with very spinose surrounding membrane (Figs
Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil).
The specific epithet refers to the spinous membrane around the phallus.
This species is morphologically close to
1 | Presutural dorsocentral seta absent | 2 |
– | Presutural dorsocentral seta present | 7 |
2 | Two postsutural dorsocentral setae | 3 |
– | Three postsutural dorsocentral setae | 4 |
3 | Mid tibia with one posterodorsal seta on middle third [surstylus entirely separated by suture from epandrium, thickly covered with short setae; cercus long; hypandrium unusually elongate, constricted towards apex (Fig. |
|
– | Mid tibia with two posterodorsal setae on middle third [surstylus rounded with about 12–16 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; basiphallus simple, membranous; mesophallus tubular; distiphallus bifid with very spiny surrounding membrane (Figs |
|
4 | Mid tibia with one posterodorsal seta on middle third | 5 |
– | Mid tibia with two posterodorsal setae on middle third | 6 |
5 | Frons black [epandrium densely setulose; surstylus with about 37 spines, including 6–7 minute ones; cercus with dense setae; hypandrium about 4/5 length of phallapodeme (Fig. |
|
– | Frons brownish-black on upper part and orange-brown lowerly [cercus ¾ as high as epandrium; surstylus separated from epandrium, broadened posteriorly, bearing 35–37 spines (Fig. |
|
6 | Scape and pedicel yellow; frons with dorsal half brownish-black and ventral half testaceous; mid and hind tibiae entirely light brown [surstylus with 23–26 spines; hypandrium slightly shorter than phallapodeme (Fig. |
|
– | Scape and pedicel dark brown; frons egg yellow in lower half and yellow pollinose on upper half; all legs dark brown, fore knees yellow [postgonite with basal seta in ventral view; surstylus rounded with about 11–18 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; distiphallus as in Figs |
|
7 | Abdomen entirely black | 8 |
– | Abdomen mostly yellow | 12 |
8 | Wing spotted [surstylus oblong and large with about 23–32 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; distiphallus as in Figs |
|
– | Wing not spotted | 9 |
9 | Mid tibia with three posterodorsal setae on middle third [postgonite with two basal setae in lateral view; surstylus oblong with about 13–20 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; mesophallus sclerotized; distiphallus tulip-shaped (Figs |
|
– | Mid tibia with one or two posterodorsal setae on middle third | 10 |
10 | Medium sized species, wing length 3.4 mm; scutum deep black, moderately shining [surstylus rounded, only with hairs, without setae on inner margin; hypandrium with broad arms; phallus asymmetrical (Fig. |
|
– | Smaller species, wing length 2.1–2.3 mm; scutum brown, grey pollinose | 11 |
11 | Frons mat black, greyish pollinose [postgonite with four setae on apex; surstylus triangular with about 45 setae (Fig. |
|
– | Frons mat black, with basal half reddish-brown or reddish-brown close to lunule [surstylus rounded with about 10 setae; hypandrium U-shaped with small projection on apex; distiphallus sclerotized with two medium arms (Figs |
|
12 | Legs entirely brown or black | 13 |
– | Legs with at least the anterior knee yellow | 18 |
13 | First flagellomere testaceous-orange [epandrium slightly narrowed ventrally, with surstylus curved and bearing many setae and spinous process posteriorly (Fig. |
|
– | First flagellomere black | 14 |
14 | Dorsocentrals 1+4 [scutum brownish-black, whitish-grey dusted, subshining, broadly yellow posteriorly adjoining scutellum and laterally (Fig. |
|
– | Dorsocentrals 1+3 | 15 |
15 | Scutum with dark area conspicuously mat grey, dark area not divided into separate bands laterally (Fig. |
|
– | Scutum moderately or largely shining black | 16 |
16 | Abdomen yellow, with last segment black [phallus with distinctly elongated distal tubules (Fig. |
|
– | Abdomen yellow, with tergites 5 and 6 with lateral and central bands | 17 |
17 | Phallus as in Figs |
|
– | Phallus as in Figs |
|
18 | Wing distinctly brown along anterior margin | 19 |
– | Wing not brown along anterior margin | 22 |
19 | Wing length 5.1 mm in male; first flagellomere orange [lower part of frons orange; scutum mat black, with central yellow rectangular area in front at level of 2nd dorsocentral, broadening behind adjoining scutellum (Fig. |
|
– | Wing length at least 4.0 mm in male; first flagellomere brown or black | 20 |
20 | Dorsocentrals postsutural 4 [wing spotted (Fig. |
|
– | Dorsocentrals postsutural 3 | 21 |
21 | Lunule yellow, whitish pruinose; one posterodorsal seta on middle third [surstylus separated from epandrium, bearing 20–22 setae (Fig. |
|
– | Lunule silvery; two posterodorsal setae on middle third [surstylus rounded, with 6–11 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; basiphallus bifid; mesophallus rounded; distiphallus membranous, pear-shaped in dorsal view (Figs |
|
22 | Dorsocentrals presutural 2 [phallus as in Figs |
|
– | Dorsocentral presutural 1 | 23 |
23 | Frons with lower half brown or reddish-brown or reddish-brown above lunule | 24 |
– | Frons entirely mat black | 26 |
24 | Wing length 4.2 mm [scutum mat grey in front, with central rectangular area adjoining scutellum yellow, black of intra-alar area not reaching scutellum and forming two distinct lateral bands divided by narrow yellow stripe (Fig. |
|
– | Wing length 2.25–2.3 mm | 25 |
25 | Scape and pedicel almost entirely orange brown [surstylus rounded, triangular on apex, with about 32 setae; hypandrium U-shaped and short; distiphallus sclerotized with two arms (Figs |
|
– | Scape and pedicel brown; first flagellomere brown, light brown apically [postgonite with three basal setae in ventral view; surstylus triangular with about 38 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; distiphallus very complex, as in Figs |
|
26 | Wing slightly infuscate with brown area above Sc and in cup cell [surstylus short, rounded with about 11–13 long and strong setae; hypandrium U-shaped; basiphallus rounded; distiphallus short (Figs |
|
– | Wing clear | 27 |
27 | Mid tibia with one posterodorsal median seta [surstylus short, with about 19 setae; hypandrium U-shaped and short; phallapodeme about three times length of hypandrium; basiphallus with two arms (Figs |
|
– | Mid tibia with two or three posterodorsal median setae | 28 |
28 | Wing length 2.8 mm; lunule testaceous, pruinose [head (Fig. |
|
– | Wing length 1.7 to 2.2 mm; lunule silvery | 29 |
29 | Mid tibia with three posterodorsal median setae [postgonite with three basal setae in ventral view; surstylus with 10–11 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; distiphallus with median constriction (Figs |
|
– | Mid tibia with only two posterodorsal median setae | 30 |
30 | Abdomen yellow, with brown stripes on tergites 3–5, tergite 6 almost entirely brown, terminalia brown [postgonite with 3–4 short setae on apex; surstylus rounded, with about 12 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; distiphallus rounded with two sclerotized areas centrally (Figs |
|
– | Abdomen yellow with only brown spot on T5 and T6 | 31 |
31 | Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus long with long setae and one distinct seta on apex in lateral view; postgonite with one basal seta in ventral view; surstylus rounded with about 8–13 setae and two strong spines; hypandrium U-shaped; mesophallus tubular; distiphallus bulb-shaped with one apical spine on each side (Figs |
|
– | Epandrium rounded with long setae; cercus long with long setae; surstylus rounded with about 11–19 setae; hypandrium U-shaped; distiphallus membranous, sclerotized centrally (Figs |
We are very greatful to Carlos Einicker Lamas (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo) and Silvio Shigueo Nihei (Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo) for the opportunity to participate in the SISBIOTA project. We thank Luiz Antonio Alves da Costa (Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) for the final art of the drawings. Thanks also to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP process 2010/52314-0) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq process 563256/2010-9) for the support to the SISBIOTA