Bruggmannia chapadensis sp . nov . ( Diptera : Cecidomyiidae ) , a new midge inducing galls on Guapira pernambucensis ( Nyctaginaceae ) from the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães , Mato Grosso State , Brazil

Bruggmannia chapadensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on characters of the larva, pupa and adults of both sexes, from specimens collected in Cerrado areas of Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is characterized by tarsal claws bent at distal 1/3; well-developed empodia, not reaching the bend in claws; cerci rounded; hipoproct shorter than cerci; aedeagus with globose apex; gonostylus semicircular; ovipositor protrusible about 1.4 times longer than sternite 7; pupal antennal bases enlarged, conical, upper facial horns semicircular; prothoracic spiracle short, abdominal segments 2–8 with one row of dorsal spines; larval terminal segment elongate, with four setose terminal papillae. This new species was collected from lenticular leaf galls of Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell (Nyctaginaceae). This is the first record of Bruggmannia galls on this plant species. In Brazil, 13 species of Bruggmannia were previously known, none recorded from Mato Grosso.


INTRODUCTION
is a Neotropical genus characterized by the following characters (Gagné 1994): male flagellomeres constricted near middle of nodes, flagellomere necks longer and circumfila less appressed to flagellomeres than in other genera of Schizomyiina (Asphondyliini), palpus three-segmented; empodia much shorter than claws; ovipositor short, not pigmented, with elongate ventral and sparse dorsal setae, cerci separate and tiny.The immature stages also have some easily recognizable characters such as base of pupal antenna weakly developed or not produced, and larvae without prothoracic spatula (Gagné 1994).
The new species described here was found inducing galls (Fig. 1) on G. pernambucensis.Guapira is a Neotropical genus with about 70 species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina.In Brazil, this genus can be found in the following phytogeographic domains: Amazon Forest, Caatinga (dry forest), Cerrado and Atlantic Forest.Guapira pernambucensis is a shrub endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the northeast and southeast areas of Brazil in the Atlantic Forest.This specie is commonly known as "mangue-branco" and "João mole" (Flora do Brasil 2017).
The objective of this study was to describe a new species of Bruggmannia associated with G. pernambucensis, contributing to the knowledge of its diversity in the Neotropics.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study is part of the project "Diptera dos estados do Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Rondônia: diversidade, sistemática e limites distribucionais".The aim of this project is to inventory the diversity of Diptera from Brazil's North and Midwest areas.
The species described in the present study was collected in September 2011 at Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães (National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães) in Mato Grosso (Brazil), on Guapira pernambucensis.The gall was photographed using a digital camera and characterized according to its shape, color, presence or absent of trichomes, and also the number of internal chambers.The collected material was labeled and transported to the Laboratório de Diptera (Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro).Samples of the gall were placed in plastic pots at room temperature to rear adults.Other samples were dissected to collect immature stages of the inducer.The specimens were prepared and mounted on slides following the methods outlined in Gagné (1994).
The gall midge genus was identified using Gagné's (1994) key to Neotropical genera and the species were determined as new after comparison with the original descriptions and illustrations of the known species, and comparison with specimens from the Diptera collection of the Museu Nacional (MNRJ).The diagnostic characters were illustrated with the help of an optical microscope.Photographs were taken by a Nikon Eclipse e200 camera coupled to an optical microscope.All drawings were scanned and processed in Adobe Illustrator CC 2015 and both plates and photographs were processed in Photoshop CS6.The gall midge specimens, including the types, are deposited in the MNRJ.The field work was done by Maia, V.C. and Ascendino, S., and the description of the new species by Proença, B. and Maia, V.C.
The host plant was identified by Dr. Gracialda Ferreira and Manuel Cordeiro (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia), and the exsiccate was deposited in the herbarium of that institution.
Pupal exuvia (Fig. 13): Body length: 3.30-3.50mm (n = 3).Integument strongly pigmented.Cephalic region: integument ventrally rough underneath antennal sheath, and nearby the superior facial horns; dorsally rough along the frontal suture, with short spines in the midlenght.Antennal bases strongly sclerotized, enlarged, conical, pointed apically at apex.Cephalic seta 0.06 mm long (n = 6).Upper and lateral cephalic margin thickened.Superior frontal horns semicircular; two pairs of lower facial papillae, one setose and other asetose; two pairs of three lateral facial papillae: two setose and others asetose.Lower facial horns triangular.Thorax: prothoracic spiracle, short, sharp and bend, 0.08-0.10mm long (n = 7), 0.8 times longer than the basal width of the scape.Antennal sheath ending near or at the posterior margin of abdominal segment 2, foreleg sheath reaching from the posterior margin of abdominal segment 3 to the basal 1/3 of segment 4; midleg sheath reaching the middle of abdominal segment 4; hindleg sheath ending from distal 1/3 to posterior margin of abdominal segment 4. Abdomen: Segments 2-8 with one anterior dorsal row of spines, restricted to the central portion of the segments (segments 5-8 with spines longer spines); and with short upper spines.Segments 1-7 with short spines and sculptures dorsally and ventrally; ventral surface with elliptic and smooth sculptures at the anterior portion of the segments, hexagonal sculptures laterally and short spines at the middle of the segment (Fig. 14); dorsal surface with circular smooth areas rounded by spines laterally and short spines elsewhere (Fig. 15).Terminal segment with two posterior processes, Distribution.Currently known from Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state (Brazil) and Restinga de Grumari, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Etymology.The name chapadensis refers to the type-locality, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, where this species was collected.

DISCUSSION
The new species shares with other Bruggmannia adults the following characters: three-segmented palpus, male flagellomeres cylindrical and constricted near the base, their circumfila more projected from the flagellomeres than in the other Schizomyiina genera, ovipositor with long dorsal setae and short, separated cerci; and larvae without spatula (Gagné 1994).The new species has circumfila, claws, empodia and ovipositor that are morphologically similar to B. elongata Maia & Couri, 1993.However, these two species differ in the morphology of the male, especially the shape of the aedeagus (triangular in B. elongata and glossiform in the new species) and in the size of the cerci, which is longer in the new species.Both species have two pairs of facial horns, but in B. elongata they are triangular, whereas in the new species the upper is semicircular whereas the lower is triangular.Oliveira and Maia (2005) recorded a similar gall morphotype on Guapira pernambucensis in the Restinga de Grumari, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), from which they obtained pupal exuviae which conform to that of the new species.This is the first record of Bruggmannia from the State of Mato Grosso.