Mount Haig, state of Queensland, northeastern Australia (17°06’S, 145°29’E).

Scolytocis australimontensis sp. n. can be distinguished from other Australian and Oriental species of Scolytocis by the combination of the following features: pronotum with a conspicuous rugose border along the posterior edge and smooth interspaces of punctures; metatibiae with a clear distinction between the outer and apical edges, the outer edge being straight and bearing at least five spines separated from each other by more than a spine-width. Scolytocis novazelandiae has a similar posterior pronotal border, but interspaces of punctures are microreticulate. Scolytocis werneri has a comparatively narrower posterior pronotal border and interspaces of punctures are coarsely reticulate.

(Figs 1–5). Adult fully pigmented. Measurements in mm: TL 1.15, PL 0.38, PW 0.50, EL 0.78, EW 0.58, GD 0.50. Ratios: PL/PW 0.75, EL/EW 1.35, EL/PL 2.07, GD/EW 0.87, TL/EW 2.00. Body elongate, convex; dorsum and venter dark reddish-brown; antennae, palpi and tarsi yellowish-brown; dorsal vestiture of minute setae, smaller than a puncture-width and barely discernible even in high magnification (150×), except for the posteriormost portion of elytra with conspicuous setae (easily seen in lateral view); venter subglabrous. Head with anteriormost portion visible from above; dorsum with shallow, coarse punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less and with smooth interspaces. Antennae bearing nine antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.03, 0.03, 0.06 (FL 0.07, CL 0.12, CL/FL 1.71). Eyes finely facetted, each bearing about 70 ommatidia; GW 0.11. Gula 0.52 times as wide as head. Pronotum with shallow, single punctation; punctures irregular, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less and with smooth interspaces; anterior edge broadly rounded; lateral edges smooth, not explanate and not visible when seen from above; posterior edge with a rugose border along it. Scutellar shield triangular, bearing fine punctures; BW 0.10. Elytra with shallow, dual punctation; large punctures coarse, seriate, about twice as large as small punctures; small punctures sparsely and irregularly distributed; interspaces of punctures, smooth; elytral apex truncate; apical declivity concave with conspicuous cuticular globules (Fig. 4, arrows). Hind wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing a fine decumbent seta; interspaces microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae concave; interspaces microreticulate. Prosternal process laminate, as long as prosternum at midline, apex acute. Pro-, meso- and metatibiae (Fig. 5, left metatibia of a paratype) with similar shape and length, approximately three times as long as broad; tibiae with distinct apical and outer lateral edges; outer apical angle rounded; outer edge of tibiae straight and with about five spines separated from each other by more than a spine-width; apical edge with about 10 spines very close to each other. Metaventrite with coarse, shallow punctures; interspaces microreticulate; discrimen about half the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, small punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less; interspaces microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.15, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.10.

Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 7, including the holotype): TL 1.10–1.33 (1.16 ± 0.07), PL 0.38–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.02), PW 0.45–0.55 (0.48 ± 0.04), EL 0.70–0.90 (0.77 ± 0.06), EW 0.50–0.63 (0.55 ± 0.04), GD 0.45–0.55 (0.49 ± 0.03), PL/PW 0.75–0.89 (0.82 ± 0.05), EL/EW 1.33–1.55 (1.41 ± 0.08), EL/PL 1.75–2.12 (1.96 ± 0.14), GD/EW 0.86–0.95 (0.88 ± 0.03), TL/EW 2.00–2.30 (2.13 ± 0.10).

Australia: holotype (ANIC) labeled “17.06S 145.29E QLD, Mt. Haig 1150 m GS1, 1 Dec. 1994 – 3 Jan. 1995, P. Zborowski, FI Trap ANIC [printed]\Scolytocis australimontensis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS [printed on red paper]”. Paratypes: 8 specimens (3 females and 5 with gender not determined) as follows: one female (ANIC, dissected) and 2 specimens (CELC), same locality data as holotype; one specimen (CELC) “17.06S 145.37E QLD, Mt. Edith GS2, 1050 m, 3 Jan. – 4 Feb. 1995, P. Zborowski, FI Trap ANIC [printed]”; one female (CELC, dissected) “17.27S 145.29E QLD, Hugh Nelson Rg. GS3 1150 m, 1 Dec. 1994 – 3 Jan. 1995, P. Zborowski, FI Trap ANIC [printed]”; one specimen (ANIC) “Mt. Lewis, 800 m, QLD, 26 Dec. 1986, H. & A. Howden, flight intercept trap [printed]”; one specimen (QMBA) “Mt Bartle Frere, N. Qld. Sth. Peak Summit, 1620 m, 6–8 Nov. 1981, EARTHWATCH/QLD MUSEUM, Pyrethrum knockdown [printed]\QUEENSLAND MUSEUM LOAN DATE: Dec. 2001 No. LE 01.28 [printed on green paper]\A.N.I.C. COLEOPTERA Voucher No. 83-0880 [printed on green paper]”; one female (QMBA) “Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 Km W. Mossman N. Qld, 20 Dec 1989 – 15 Jan 1990, Monteith, Thompson & ANZSES Site 7,1000 m, flt. intercept [printed]\QUEENSLAND MUSUEM LOAN DATE: Dec. 2001 No. LE 01.36 [printed on green paper]”. All paratypes are additionally labeled\Scolytocis australimontensis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade PARATYPUS [printed on yellow paper].

The species name derives from the Latin adjectives “australis”, which means “of the South” and refers to Australia, and “montensis”, which means “of or belonging to mountains”, both in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the Australian mountains where most specimens were collected.

This new species was collected only in localities above 800 m, three of them at Australian mountains (Mount Haig, Mount Edith and Mount Bartle Frere) (Fig. 24). This species may be included in the Sc. werneri species-group, in which the species have a rugose border along the posterior pronotal edge.

Kolonia, Pohnpei Island, state of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (6°57’N, 158°12’E).

Scolytocis insularis sp. n. can be distinguished from other Australian and Oriental species of Scolytocis by combination of the following features: pronotum with interspaces of punctures microstriated and posterior edge devoid of a rugose border; metatibiae without a clear distinction between outer and apical edges, the outer edge being slightly rounded.

(Figs 6–10). Adult apparently not fully pigmented but in good condition, except for lacking the right antenna and one tarsus. Measurements in mm: TL 1.08, PL 0.35, PW 0.48, EL 0.73, EW 0.48, GD 0.48. Ratios: PL/PW 0.74, EL/EW 1.53, EL/PL 2.07, GD/EW 1.00, TL/EW 2.26. Body elongate, convex; dorsum and venter yellowish brown; antennae, palpi and tarsi yellowish; dorsal vestiture of minute setae, smaller than a puncture-width and barely discernible even in high magnification (150×), except for the posteriormost portion of elytra with conspicuous setae (easily seen in lateral view); venter subglabrous. Head with anteriormost portion visible from above; dorsum with shallow, coarse, fine punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less and with microreticulate interspaces. Antennae bearing nine antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.06, 0.03, 0.04, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.03, 0.03, 0.05 (FL 0.07, CL 0.11, CL/FL 1.57). Eyes finely facetted, each bearing about 70 ommatidia; GW 0.11. Gula 0.47 times as wide as head. Pronotum with shallow, single punctation; punctures irregular, fine, separated from each other by a distance of one to two puncture-widths on disc and one puncture-width close to the laterals; interspaces transversely microstriated on disc, diagonally microstriated near lateral edges; anterior edge broadly rounded; lateral edges smooth, not explanate and not visible when seen from above; posterior edge without a rugose border along it. Scutellar shield triangular, bearing small punctures; BW 0.12. Elytra with confuse, shallow punctation; punctures coarsely and irregularly distributed, with somewhat rugose interspaces; elytral apex truncate; apical declivity (posterior one-fourth of elytra) with conspicuous cuticular globules (Fig. 9, arrows). Hind wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing a fine decumbent seta; interspaces transversely microstriated. Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave; interspaces transversely microstriated. Prosternal process laminate, as long as prosternum at midline, apex acute. Pro-, meso- and metatibiae (Fig. 10, left metatibia) with similar shape and length, approximately three times as long as broad, expanded from base to basal two-thirds; tibiae with outer edge slightly rounded, devoid of a clear distinction of outer and apical edges; outer edge with about 15 spines, a bit sparser near tibial base and getting closer until apex. Metaventrite with coarse, small punctures; interspaces transversely microstriated; discrimen about two-fifths the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, small punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less; interspaces transversely microstriated; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.12, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.09.

Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 2, including the holotype): TL 1.05–1.15, PL 0.35–0.38, PW 0.48–0.48, EL 0.73–0.78, EW 0.48–0.53, GD 0.48–0.49, PL/PW 0.74–0.79, EL/EW 1.48–1.53, EL/PL 2.07, GD/EW 0.95–1.00, TL/EW 2.19–2.26.

Federated States of Micronesia: holotype (ANIC) labeled “PONAPE ISLAND: Colonia, iii.1998, H. S. Dybas, FMHN [printed]\Scolytocis insularis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS [printed on red paper]”. Paratype: one female (CELC, dissected), same locality data as holotype and additionally labeled\Scolytocis insularis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade PARATYPUS [printed on yellow paper].

The species name is a Latin adjective in the genitive singular and means relative or belonging to an island, in reference to the insular distribution of this species.

This new species is known only from the type locality, Kolonia, a coastal town and capital of the state of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia (Fig. 24). The species does not fit in any previously proposed species-group of Scolytocis. Here, we propose the Sc. insularis species-group to encompass this single species, the group defined by the combination of the following features: biconcave prosternum; outer edge of metatibiae slightly rounded, without a clear distinction between outer and apical edges. The prosternum is also biconcave in species of the Scolytocis danielssoni and the Scolytocis fritzplaumanni species-groups. However, in the Sc. danielssoni species-group the species are comparatively larger and have a rugose border along the posterior pronotal edge. In the Sc. fritzplaumanni group the species are also larger than Sc. insularis and bear a smooth border along the posterior pronotal edge. Metatibiae with slightly rounded outer edge are also seen in species of the Scolytocis bouchardi and the Scolytocis lawrencei species-group, but they have triconcave and tumid prosternum, respectively, and are exclusively neotropical.

Pago Pago, Tutuila, Samoa, Polynesia (14°16’S, 170°42’W).

Scolytocis samoensis can be distinguished from other Australian and Oriental Scolytocis by the following combination of features: pronotum devoid of a rugose border along the posterior edge; metatibiae with a clear distinction between outer and apical edges, the outer edge being straight and usually bearing three well-separated spines (Fig. 15); elytral punctation, seriate.

(Figs 11–15). Adult apparently not fully pigmented but in good condition. Measurements in mm: TL 1.03, PL 0.40, PW 0.45, EL 0.63, EW 0.50, GD 0.48. Ratios: PL/PW 0.89, EL/EW 1.25, EL/PL 1.56, GD/EW 0.95, TL/EW 2.05. Body elongate, convex; dorsum and venter yellowish brown; antennae, palpi and tarsi yellowish; dorsal vestiture of minute setae, smaller than a puncture-width and barely discernible even in high magnifications (150×), except for the posteriormost portion of elytra with conspicuous setae (easily seen in lateral view); venter subglabrous. Head with anteriormost portion visible from above; dorsal surface with shallow punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less and with microreticulate interspaces. Antennae bearing nine antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.06, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.03 (FL 0.05, CL 0.08, CL/FL 1.60). Eyes finely facetted, each bearing about 60 ommatidia; GW 0.10. Gula 0.50 as wide as head. Pronotum with shallow, single punctation; punctures irregular, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less; interspaces microreticulate; anterior edge broadly rounded; lateral edges smooth, not explanate and not visible when seen from above; posterior edge without a rugose border along it. Scutellar shield triangular, bearing small punctures; BW 0.08. Elytra with shallow, dual punctation; large punctures coarse, seriate, about twice as large as small punctures; small punctures sparsely and irregularly distributed; interspaces of punctures, smooth; elytral apex truncate; apical declivity concave with conspicuous cuticular globules (Fig. 14, arrows). Hind wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing a fine decumbent seta; interspaces microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave; interspaces microreticulate. Porsternal process laminate, as long as prosternum at midline, apex acute. Pro-, meso- and metatibiae (Fig. 15, left metatibia) with similar shape and length, approximately three times as long as broad; tibiae with a clear distinction between outer and apical edges; outer apical angle somewhat perpendicular; outer edge straight and bearing three well-separated spines; apical edge with about 10 spines very close to each other. Metaventrite with coarse, small punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen as long as metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, small punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less; interspaces, microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.10, 0.04, 0.04, 0.04, 0.10.

Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 15): TL 1.00–1.23 (1.11 ± 0.07), PL 0.38–0.43 (0.40 ± 0.02), PW 0.43–0.53 (0.48 ± 0.03), EL 0.63–0.80 (0.71 ± 0.06), EW 0.48–0.55 (0.53 ± 0.03), GD 0.45–0.53 (0.50 ± 0.03), PL/PW 0.75–0.89 (0.83 ± 0.04), EL/EW 1.25–1.45 (1.34 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.56–1.94 (1.79 ± 0.12), GD/EW 0.82–1.16 (0.95 ± 0.08), TL/EW 1.95–2.23 (2.10 ± 0.07).

Guam: 15 specimens (8 ANIC; 7 CELC, including 2 dissected females) labeled “MARIANAS: Guam, Ritidian Point, 29.v.1945, #2086 FMNH in polypore, H. S. Dybas”.

Scolytocis samoensis is the type species of the genus and was described based on a single specimen from Samoa, possibly a female, deposited in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (Hawaii, USA). Blair (1928) mentioned the poor condition of the holotype. This species was tentatively included in the Sc. lawrencei species-group by Lopes-Andrade (2008) and here we keep the same opinion. The specimens we examined from Guam (Fig. 24) fit the original description by Blair (1928).

Paluma, state of Queensland, northeastern Australia (18°56’S, 146°10’E).

Xylographella frithae sp. n. differs from X. punctata in possessing longitudinal raised keels at elytral declivity and in the smooth interspaces of pronotal punctures. It is closely related to X. speciosa, but differs in possessing six longitudinal raised keels at elytral declivity, rather than twelve, and in being comparatively smaller (TL less than 1.90 mm).

(Figs 16–20). Adult fully pigmented. Measurements in mm: TL 1.65, PL 0.60, PW 0.75, EL 1.05, EW 0.80, GD 0.73. Ratios: PL/PW 0.80, EL/EW 1.31, EL/PL 1.75, GD/EW 0.91, TL/EW 2.06. Body elongate, convex; dorsum and venter dark reddish brown; antennae, palpi and tarsi a bit lighter; dorsal vestiture of minute setae, smaller than a puncture-width and barely discernible even in high magnification (150×), except for the posteriormost portion of elytra with conspicuous setae (easily seen in lateral view); venter subglabrous. Head concealed by pronotum and not visible from above; dorsum with shallow punctures, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less and with microreticulate interspaces. Antennae bearing 10 antenommeres, as follows (in mm; left antenna measured): 0.09, 0.04, 0.06, 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, 0.06 (FL 0.15, CL 0.14, CL/FL 0.93). Eyes finely facetted, each bearing about 80 ommatidia; GW 0.15. Gula 0.42 times as wide as head. Pronotum with moderately deep, single punctation; punctures irregular, separated from each other by a puncture-width or less and with smooth interspaces; anterior edge broadly rounded; lateral edges finely crenulate, not explanate and not visible when seen from above. Scutellar shield triangular, bearing a few punctures near lateral edges; BW 0.11. Elytra with coarse, deep, dual punctation; large punctures coarsely and irregularly distributed, deeper than those on pronotum, about twice as large as small punctures; small punctures sparsely and irregularly distributed; interspaces of punctures, smooth; elytral apex truncate; apical declivity (posterior one-third of elytra) bearing six raised keels (three in each elytron) converging to apex (Fig. 19, arrows). Hind wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing a fine decumbent seta; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternal process laminate, as long as prosternum at midline. Protibiae about three times as long as broad and expanded near apex; outer edge with spines extending from apex to almost its base; inner facet with a conspicuous tuft of long bristles along the apical two-fifths of the inner edge. Meso- and metatibiae (Fig. 20, left metatibia of a paratype) about four times as long as broad; outer edge with spines extending from apex to almost its base. Metaventrite with coarse, small punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen apparently absent. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, large punctures, separated from each other by a puncture width or less; interspaces, microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.22, 0.09, 0.08, 0.08, 0.17. Male terminalia in paratypes (Figs 21–23): sternite VIII (Fig. 21) with posterior margin rounded, bearing long setae medially; anterior portion with spiculum relictum. Tegmen (Fig. 22, tegmen alone; Fig. 23, tegmen with penis) about 4× as long as wide, sides straight and almost parallel; posterior half membranous and bearing a short median emargination at apex; anterior half sclerotized. Penis (Fig. 23, together with tegmen) about twice as long as tegmen; about 10× as long as wide; bearing paired longitudinal baculi more visible at the posterior portion and united near apex, forming a narrow arch posteriorly; apicalmost portion membranous, slightly expanded and bearing several sensilla at apex.

Measurements (in mm) and ratios (n = 17, including the holotype): TL 1.48–1.88 (1.64 ± 0.10), PL 0.50–0.60 (0.54 ± 0.03), PW 0.65–0.80 (0.70 ± 0.04), EL 0.95–1.28 (1.09 ± 0.08), EW 0.68–0.85 (0.76 ± 0.05), GD 0.65–0.85 (0.71 ± 0.05), PL/PW 0.74–0.81 (0.78 ± 0.02), EL/EW 1.31–1.61 (1.44 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.75–2.29 (2.01 ± 0.16), GD/EW 0.87–1.00 (0.94 ± 0.04), TL/EW 2.03–2.32 (2.17 ± 0.08).

Australia: holotype (ANIC) labeled “19.00S 146.12E, Paluma, QLD, 900 m, 11-vii-80, D. W. Frith [printed]\J. F. Lawrence, Lot 80–56, Phellinus pectinatus [printed]\Xylographella frithae Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS [printed on red paper]”. Paratypes: 18 specimens (2 males and 2 females) as follows: 3 specimens (CELC), same locality data as holotype; 5 specimens (3 ANIC; 2 CELC) “Paluma, QLD, 11 July 1980, D. Frith [printed]\J. F. Lawrence, Lot 80–56, Phellinus pectinatus [printed]”; one male (CELC, dissected) “Paluma, QLD, 11–12 Dec. 78, D. Frith [printed]\J. F. Lawrence, Lot 78–203, Nigrofomes melanoporus [printed]”; one specimen (QMBA) “NEQ: 16°31’S x 146°16’E, Mt Lewis Rd (Hut), 14 July 1996, 1200 m, G. B. Monteith, Pyrethrum, trees [printed]\QUEENSLAND MUSEUM LOAN DATE: March 2001 No. LE 01.11”; one female (CELC, dissected) “Mt. Lewis, 8 Km NW of Julatten, N. QLD, 8 Jan. – 2 Feb. 1987, R. Storey & H. Howden [printed]”; one specimen (ANIC) “Mt. Lewis, 800 m, QLD, 26 Dec. 1986, H. & A. Howden, flight intercept trap [printed]”; one specimen (CELC) ”17.27S 145.29E QLD, Hugh Nelson Rg. GS3 1150 m, 1 Dec. 1994 – 3 Jan. 1995, P. Zborowski, FI Trap JCU (East) [printed]”; one male (ANIC, dissected) “Hugh Nelson Ra., 21 Km S Atherton, N. Qld, 1.xii.1983 – 9.1.1984, Storev & Brown [printed]\MDPI Intercept Trap. Site No. 16 [printed]\On loan from: Dept. Prim. Industries Mareeba, Qld. Aust. [printed on green paper]”; one specimen (QMBA) “Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 Km W. Mossman N. Qld, 20 Dec 1989 – 15 Jan 1990, Monteith, Thompson & ANZSES Site 6,860 m, flt. intercept [printed]\QUEENSLAND MUSEUM LOAN DATE: Dec. 2001 No. LE 01.29 [printed on green paper]”; 3 specimens (one CELC, dissected female; 2 ANIC) “Mossman Gorge, NP QLD, 6 Km SW of Mossman 50 m, 11 July 1982, S. & J. Peck, SBP6 [printed]\J. F. Lawrence, lot 82–28, Nigroporus [printed]”. All paratypes are additionally labeled “Xylographella frithae Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade PARATYPUS [printed on yellow paper]”.

Phylloporia pectinata (Klotzsch) Ryvarden (Hymenochaetaceae), two records; Nigrofomes melanoporus (Mont.) Murrill (Polyporaceae), one record; Nigroporus Murrill (Polyporaceae), one record.

The new species is named in honor of the ornithologist Dawn Whyatt Frith, who collected all specimens from the type locality. The species name is Latinized from “Frith” using the feminine suffix in the genitive singular (-ae).

This is the first described species of Xylographella from the Australian region. The genus encompasses only two other species: X. punctata Miyatake, 1985 and X. speciosa Lopes-Andrade, 2008, the former from the Japanese islands of Honshu and Shikoku, and the latter from the provinces of Mindanao and Luzon in the Philippines. Images of X. frithae were recently provided by Lawrence (2016).