A new species of Clinodiplosis ( Diptera : Cecidomyiidae ) causing galls on Banisteriopsis membranifolia ( Malpighiaceae ) , an endemic plant in Brazil

Clinodiplosis quartelensis sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Minas Gerais State), a new gall midge species causing leaf galls on Banisteriopsis membranifolia (A. Juss.) B. Gates (Malpighiaceae), an endemic liana in Brazil, is described based on larva, pupa, adult male and female and its gall is characterized. Galls were collected in Quartel de São João, state of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Larvae were removed from the galls and pupae and adults were obtained by rearing. Pupation takes place in the gall. The most important morphological characters were illustrated. The new species is compared with other Neotropical species of Clinodiplosis and belongs to the group with simple tarsal claws, curved beyond tarsus midlength. Clinodiplosis quartelensis sp. nov. shares the male cercus secondarily lobed, the 12th female flagellomere with setulose apical process, the deeply bilobed male hypoproct with convergent lobes, pupa lacking dorsal spines on abdominal segments, and larva with four pairs of setose terminal papillae with C. bellum from that might be distinguished by size of palpus, wing venation, level of sclerotization of eighth abdominal segment in the adults, as well as, by the pupal cephalic dorsal plate and larval spatula.


INTRODUCTION
Banisteriopsis C.B.Rob.ex Small is one of the most diverse genera of Malpighiaceae.It is well represented in Brazil, where 47 species of 58 from the New World are found (Gates 1982).Banisteriopsis membranifolia (A.Juss.)B. Gates is an endemic liana in Brazil, occurring in the Atlantic Forest (states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and Amazon (state of Amazonas) (Mamede 2017).This liana hosts a leaf gall, which is induced by a new species of midge of the genus Clinodiplosis Kieffer, 1894 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) herein described.
Clinodiplosis is a cosmopolitan genus with 107 species (Gagné and Jaschhof 2017).Among them, 24 exhibit a Neotropical distribution and 19 occurring in Brazil.In spite of being associated with about 32 plant families, only a single species has been recorded on Malpighiaceae, Clinodiplosis bellum Urso-Guimarães & Carmo-Neto, 2015 from Cerrado in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.The new species of Clinodiplosis described here is the second species associated with this plant family in the world.
The genus is characterized by the presence of occipital process; four-segmented palpi; wings with 1-3 mm long, R5 joining C beyond the wing apex, Rs weaker than R1, but evident; variable tarsal claws (toothed or simple, and curved near basal third or beyond), empodia usually reaching the curve of the claws or sometimes shorter; quadrate or secondarily lobed or acute male cerci; aedeagus usually elongate and tapering to the apex or sometimes large and bulbous; ovipositor short, barely protrusible; and female cerci separate (Gagné 1994).
The objective of this study is to describe a new species of Clinodiplosis associated with Banisteriopsis membranifolia, contributing to the knowledge of its diversity in the Neotropics.threatened species of birds (Freitas et al. 2009, Moura et al. 2011) and it is considered as priority for conservation (Drummond et al. 2005).
Several specimens of Banisteriopsis membranifolia were found in March, 2009.Reproductive branches (with flowers and fruits) were collected, pressed and dried.The botanical species was identified by MSc Andreia Fonseca Silva and a voucher specimen deposited in the "Herbário da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais", Belo Horizente, Brazil (PAMG/EPAMIG: 56333).
Galled branches were removed from the host plant and transported in plastic bags to laboratory.Some samples were dissected to obtain the galling larvae and others were kept in plastic pots covered by a fine-meshed screen to obtain adults and pupal exuviae.
The specimens were first preserved in 70% ethanol, then mounted on microscope slides, following the methods outlined by Gagné (1994) and deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ).
The genus was identified based on the key of Gagné (1994).As there is no key for species of Clinodiplosis, we compared the morphology of the new species with all Neotropical species based on the type material deposited in the MNRJ and literature data (original descriptions and drawings presented by Gagné 1994).
Male abdomen (Fig. 8): tergites 1-7 rectangular with distal row of setae, setae irregularly distributed at midlength and laterally, anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales; eight tergite narrow, sclerotized with only anterior pair of trichoid sensilla as vestiture.Stern-ites 2-8 rectangular, with distal row of setae, setae irregularly distributed at midlength and laterally, anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales.Trichoid sensilla of sternites more closely approximated than those of tergites.Mesal and lateral setae of sternites more numerous than those of tergites.
Male terminalia (Fig. 9): gonocoxite 0.23-0.25 mm long and 0.09-0.10mm wide, 1.90-2.50as long as wide, 1.15-1.35times longer than gonostylus (n = 4), cylindrical, with triangular mesal lobe; gonostylus 0.18-0.20 mm long and 0.02-0.03mm wide, 8-9x as long as wide (n = 4), elongate, slightly constricted at midlength, striate at distal 2/3 and setulose at between these species are: the setulose apical process in the 12th female flagellomere; the deeply bilobed male hypoproct with convergent lobes; the elongate, tapering to the apex and constricted subapically aedeagus; the obtuse mesobasal lobe of the gonocoxites; pupa lacking dorsal spines on abdominal segments; and larva with no corniform papillae.Adults of both species can be distinguished by the length and proportions among the segments of the palpus (longer with crescent segments in C. quartelensis sp.nov.), wing venation (presence of M 4 only in C. quartelensis sp.nov.), and level of sclerotization of male 8th tergite (sclerotized only in the new species).Furthermore, the pupa of C. quartelensis sp.nov.differs from that of C. bellum mainly by the superior margin at the middle of cephalic dorsal plate narrow bilobed (wide with the entire superior margin at the middle in C. bellum).In addition the spatula is missing in C. bellum.The host plant, Banisteriopsis membranifolia, is an endemic plant in Brazil.Considering that 92% of the Brazilian fauna of Cecidomyiidae are monophagous (Carneiro et al. 2009), the new galling species probably is endemic too.