Time course of variation of water parameters for living and dead A. saxatilis: (1) water dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L), (2) total ammonia-N (NH3-N, mg/L) and (3) pH versus time (h). Values shown are means ± SEMs. When not apparent, SEM is smaller than the symbol. This happened for the water of the reference fish, ammonia and pH. Black circles: fish that were alive at the end of the experiment; white circles: fish that died during the experiment. *: water parameter for dead fish is different from that of live fish.