Updates on Berlandiella (Araneae: Philodromidae): a new species, description of the male of B. querencia and new diagnosis for the genus

Berlandiella Mello-Leitão, 1929 is currently composed of six Neotropical species, of which Berlandiella querencia Lise & Silva, 2011 is known only from female specimens; the other species of the genus were described based on both males and females. In this paper, we describe and illustrate Berlandiella zabele sp. nov., based on a few individuals collected in Sete Cidades National Park, Piracuruca and Brasileira, state of Piauí, Brazil. We illustrate and describe the previously unknown male of B. querencia, based on a specimen collected from Reserva Mocambo, Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. The taxa described herein have scopula in the tarsi and metatarsi, and the males have a cymbial process, characters recorded for the first time for the genus. Additionally, we present an updated diagnosis for Berlandiella.

INTRODUCTION now and is here described for the first time. In addition, we recorded the presence of scopula in the tarsi, metatarsi and palp of some species of Berlandiella, and recorded structures that may be present in the palp of males, such as a cymbial process. In this context, we present an updated diagnosis for Berlandiella.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens were analyzed with a Leica MZ16 stereomi croscope and the illustrations were made with the assistance of a camera lucida attached to a stereomicroscope. Descriptions follow Lise and Silva (2011) and morphological terminologies follow Muster and Thaler (2004) and Muster (2009). Herein we record the position of the ventral macrosetae of the tibiae and metatarsi III according to Lise and Silva (2011), but we highlight the fact that there is no regular pattern of spination for species, since leg macrosetae III vary in number and position between individu als, and even between left and right legs. All measurements are in millimeters. Color images were obtained on a Leica M205 A stereomicroscope, coupled with a Leica MC170 HD digital camera. The LAS v. 4.9 software was used to generate extended focal range images. The scanning images were obtained with Mira 3 Tescan scanning electron microscope housed at the Laboratório Institucio nal de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. For all scanning images, samples were submitted to an ultrasonic washer to clean surfaces. Then, the samples were gradually dehydrated in series of ethanol concentrations (80%, 90%, 96%, and 100%), subjected to criticalpoint drying and coat ed with gold. The distribution map of the species was elaborated with the program QGis 2.18 (QGIS 2019). The material examined is deposited in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG, curator A. Bonaldo) and Coleção de História Natural da Universidade Federal do Piauí (CHNUFPI, curator E.F.B. Lima). Abbreviations for the measurement of the eyes: (ALE) anterior lateral eyes, (AME) anterior median eyes, (PLE) posterior lateral eyes, (PME) posterior median eyes, (MOQ) median ocular quadrangle.
Description. Female (holotype -MPEG.ARA 34482). Carapace slightly longer than wide, wider at the level of legs III, narrowed anteriorly, with many sockets of bristles; median region yellow with a brown central spot and wide dark brown bands on each side, formed by a tangle of dark spots. Clypeus vertical with many sockets of bristles, with a median brown spot and irregular spots on lateral. Chelicerae yellow with two teeth on the promargin of the fang furrow, with a large dark brown spot on the anterior face. Labium orange with rounded (4) epigynum, ventral; (5) epigynum, dorsal clarified. Scale bars: 2-3: 1 mm, 4-5: 0.2 mm.

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Updates on Berlandiella (Araneae: Philodromidae) apex, reaching almost to the middle of the endites. Endites pale yellow, excavated diagonally. Sternum pale yellow. Legs covered by various types of setae and with many robust macrosetae on tibiae and metatarsi. Left and right tibiae I with 0-2-2-0 ventral macrosetae, left metatarsus I with 2-2-0 and right metatarsus I with 2-2-1 ventral macrosetae. Left and right tibia II with 0-2-2-0 ventral macrosetae and right metatarsus II with 2-2-1 ventral macrosetae. Tarsi and metatarsi with scopula. Long and thin trichobothria in tarsi and metatarsi, with distal and proximal plate limit well differentiated; the distal margin of the tricho bothrial hood is well defined; hood entire, differentiated with transverse ridges; alveolus notched; distal plate smooth, slightly elevated. Femura yellow with brown spots, more abundant in prolateral sides of femora IIII, and a small white spot at the apex; patellae IIII yellow with brown spots; patella IV yellow; tibiae and metatarsi IIII yellow, shaded with brown, but tibia and metatarsus III darker; tibia IV yellow with a basal dark spot on prolateral side; tarsi IIV yellow, with a dark ring at their bases.
Tarsal claw pectinate and conspicuous with claw apex tooth curved and seven short and robust teeth. Palp yellow with brown spots. Abdomen yellow, longer than wide, densely covered by setae sockets, the dorsum covered by a wide brown spot with two longitudinal yellow bands around the heart mark; laterals yellow shaded with brown and the venter yellow stippled with brown. Triangular epigynal groove, shallow, demarcated by sclerotized edges, small and widely spaced copulatory openings, elliptical and elongated spermathecae, thickly covered with punctuations.
Measurements. Total length 3.  Chelicerae as in female. Shape of labium and endites as in female; labium brown and endites pale yellow with some brown spots. Sternum pale yellow, mottled with brown. Legs covered by various types of setae and abundant macrosetae in tibiae and metatarsi (Figs 24,42). Tarsi and metatarsi with dense scopula (Figs 17, 18). Arrangement of the ventral macro setae of the tarsi and metatarsi III as in female. Trichobothria (Fig. 42) as in female. Femura yellow shaded with brown, with a transversal white stripe at the apex and yellow longitudinal stripe on retrolateral side; dorsum of the patellae yellow with a longitudinal brown stripe in the middle and a transversal white stripe at the apex, venter shaded with brown; base of the tibiae shaded with brown, the remaining yellow stippled with brown; base and apex of the tarsi shaded with brown, the remaining yellow stippled with brown; metatarsi yellow with a small brown spot at the base. Abdomen brown, oval, wider than long with many brown bristles curved backwards on the dorsum and sides; anteroventral region yellow. Palpal cymbium dark yellow covered by many setae, including scopula in the apex (Figs 13,14), cymbial process present; elongated and robust bulb with a small and irregular membranous conductor below the embolus, which is short, sharp and straight; RTA semitranslucent.
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to a mythological character known by indigenous people of Piauí. According to indigenous mythology, Zabelê, a member of the Amanajós tribe, fell in love with Metara, a member of an enemy tribe. When the romance of Zabelê and Metara was discovered, tribal warfare result ed in the death of both lovers. The god Tupã pitied the two lovers and so transformed them into birds that fly together for eternity.
Remarks. The general color, legs especially, vary in the abundance of brown spots and some specimens may be darker or lighter than the paratype. The pattern of ventral macrosetae of the legs also varies between individuals.
Diagnosis. The male of B. querencia differs from the other species of the genus by having a sinuous CP, directed to the apex of the RTA (Figs 31, 33), which is robust, excavated, and with a Description. Male (MPEG.ARA 34477). Carapace slightly longer than wide, wider on the level of legs III, narrowed in front, with many sockets of bristles (Figs 17-22), similar to female; median region yellow with wide brown bands on each side, formed by a tangle of dark spots. Clypeus brown, vertical, with many sockets of bristles. Chelicerae yellow, with two teeth on the promargin of the fang furrow, with a large dark brown spot on the anterior face. Labium brown with rounded apex, reaching almost the middle of the endites. Endites pale yellow with some brown spots, excavated diagonally. Sternum pale yellow with some circular brown spots on its lateral margins. Legs covered by various types of setae with abundant macrosetae on tibiae and metatarsi. Left tibia I with 2-2-2-2-1 ventral macrosetae and left metatarsi I with 2-2-0 ventral macrosetae; right tibia I with 2-2-2-2 ventral macrosetae and right metatarsus I with 2-2-0 ventral macrosetae. Left tibia II with 2-2-2-2 ventral macrose tae and left metatarsus II with 2-2-0 ventral macrosetae. Tarsi and metatarsi with dense scopula (Figs 35, 37, 39). Long and slender trichobothria in tarsus and metatarsus with distal and proximal plate limit well differentiated; the distal margin of the trichobothrial hood is well defined; hood entire, differentiated with transverse ridges; alveolus notched; distal plate smooth, slightly elevated. Femura, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi IIV yel low shaded with brown; tarsi yellow. Tarsal claw pectinate and conspicuous with claw apex tooth curved and seven short and robust teeth. Abdomen oval, narrower on the posterior margin, excavated on the anterior margin; tegument yellow with many setae curved backwards, the dorsum covered by a wide brown spot with two longitudinal yellow bands around the heart mark; sides with a brown longitudinal stripe and the venter with small brown spots. Palpal cymbium dark yellow covered by many setae, including scopula in the apex, cymbial process present; covered by many setae, including scopula in the apex; ellipsoid and robust bulb, with small triangular process near embolus and semitranslucent lamella in the retrolateral apical portion; embolus short, sharp and straight; RTA semitranslucent, curved and elongated.

DISCUSSION
We present an updated diagnosis of Berlandiella based on the revision carried out by Lise and Silva (2011). Scopula was not recognized in Berlandiella specimens in the description of the type species B. insignis by MelloLeitão (1929) and by Lise and Silva (2011). Until now the absence of this structure was conside red as on one of the diagnostic features of the genus. However, we found scopula in the anterior legs of both males and females of B. zabele, males of B. querencia, B. magna (MCTP 31691), and B. meridionalis (MCTP24716, MCTP24718), although the scopula of the latter two species is less dense. Apparently some male and female specimens of B. meridionalis (MCTP18928, MCTP35602) lack scopula. In addition, figure  71 in Lise and Silva (2011) shows scopular setae in a section of one leg of B. robertae, indicating that other species of the genus also have scopula. The typespecies of the genus, B. insignis, was not examined.
Scopula seem to be present only in sexually mature indi viduals, since we analyzed a juvenile of B. querencia without this structure. The scopular setae appeared in the anterior legs after ecdysis, when the specimen reached sexual maturity, becoming an adult male (MPEG.ARA 35228). Although we have not exam ined all species of the genus, it is clear that scopula should not be used to diagnose Berlandiella because the presence/absence of this structure varies among specimens of the same species and with degree of maturity.
We also removed from the diagnosis any mention about the height of the carapace, as well as the presence of dense claw tufts. In fact, some females of Berlandiella may have a relatively high carapace, and even males have convex carapace, although it is lower than females. As the understanding about the height of the carapace is subjective, we decided to remove this character from the diagnosis. The use of claw tufts in the genus diagnosis is not informative, since these structures are present in many others genera of Philodromidae.
Since we documented the presence of the scopula in Berlandiella specimens, the absence of this character used to separat ed Berlandiella from Cleocnemis become invalid and was removed from the diagnosis. As consequence we could not establish a clear limit between Berlandiella and Cleocnemis. The original description of the type species, C. heteropoda Simon, 1886, as well as the redescription by MelloLeitão (1929), present some somatic characters shared with Berlandiella representatives, such as a strongly recurved posterior eye row, with the PME smaller and more separated than in PLE; short legs with similar length, covered with many bristles, elongated bulbous male palp and short embolus. In addition, MelloLeitão (1929) describes low carapace for some Cleocnemis species, including C. heteropoda, and high carapace for Berlandiella. However, some Berlandiella have relatively low carapace, which show us that this character is not informative, as discussed above.
The limits between Berlandiella and Cleocnemis should be established based on the detailed analysis of the Cleocnemis type species, as well as a phylogenetic analysis to understand the rela tionship between the two genera. Both are beyond of the scope of this paper, although we have the concern of not describing a new taxa which can become a synonym of a species already described and allocated in Cleocnemis. Then, to make sure that B. zabele has not been already described under Cleocnemis we checked the type localities, original descriptions and illustrations for all 14 known species of this genus as follow summarized: C. bryantae (Gertsch, 1933), C. lanceolata MelloLeitão, 1929, C. nigra MelloLeitão, 1943, C. paraguensis (Gertsch, 1933, C. spinosa MelloLeitão 1947, C. taquarae (Keyserling, 1891) and C. xenotypa MelloLeitão, 1929 differ from B. zabele based on the genitalia. Cleocnemis moschata MelloLeitão, 1943 andC. rosea MelloLeitão, 1944 has several ventral macrosetae in the legs III and B. zabele has only 2-2 ventral macrosetae in this legs. Cleocnemis mutilata (MelloLeitão, 1917), C. punctalata (Taczanowski, 1872), C. rudolphi MelloLeitão, 1943 andC. serrana MelloLeitão, 1929 has several somatic characters different from B. zabele, especially legs with unequal length. Cleocnemis nigra and C. rudolphi were registered from the state of Paraíba, relatively close to the type locality of B. zabele, however, differs from this species by the previously mentioned characters. The description of C. heteropoda is similar to B. zabele based on soma tic characters, however, C. heteropoda occurs in Rio de Janeiro, relatively far from the type locality of B. zabele. Additionally, the heteropoda epithet refers to unequal legs, as indicated by MelloLeitão (1929) in the redescription of the species. On the other hand, B. zabele has all legs similar in color and length. About the new characters described for Berlandiella here, males of B. zabele sp. nov. and B. querencia present a cymbial Updates on Berlandiella (Araneae: Philodromidae) process, which differs from all other males of the genus. A similar structure occurs in several species of Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 and has been called the paracymbial lamella (Braun 1965), tutaculum (Levy 1977), cymbial process (Muster and Thaler 2004), and dorsal cymbium bulge (Muster 2009). The paracymbial lamella refers to a thin structure projected from the cymbium, which is different from that found in taxa described here. The tutaculum, used by Levy (1977), is a specific term to define a type of cymbial process that houses the embolus tip, which functions like a conductor in some genera of Thomisidae (Comstock 1940, Schick 1965, Benjamin 2011 and is different from the structure described here. In relation to the cymbium bulges, analyzing the illustrations of Muster (2009), we conclu ded that such structures are irregular projections on the dorsum of the cymbium, also different from the structure described here. Finally, Muster and Thaler (2004) described cymbial process as a small projection at the retrolateral proximal ventral border of cymbium, similar to structure found in males of B. zabele and B. querencia. Therefore, we decided to adopt this terminology for this structure.
Structures that emerge from the margin of the cymbium have been defined several times in the literature as paracymbium (see Griswold et al. 2005), however, this term is widely used to define cymbial projections present in Araneoidea palps, often being indicated as a group synapomorphy (Griswold et al. 1998, Griswold et al. 2005. In order to avoid misunderstandings, we decided not to use the term paracymbium to designate the structure present at the base of the cymbium of B. zabele and B. querencia; rather, we instead use the term cymbial process. Finally, despite the difficulty in distinguishing Cleocnemis from Berlandiella, this latter is a revised genus and presents uni formity in the diagnostic characters present in the typespecies and in the others (see diagnosis above). For this reason, and due to the similarity between B. zabele and other Berlandiella species, we decided to allocate the species in this genus.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the Museu Paraense Emílio Goel di (MPEG) by providing the laboratory structure to carry out this work, especially Alexandre Bonaldo, responsible for the Laboratório de Aracnologia of the MPEG. We also thank Hilton Tulio Costi and Laura Miglio for providing the use of the SEM lab of MPEG and for all support given to the authors. We are very grateful to the reviewers and the editor for their careful reading of the text, for all valuable comments and suggestions, which were very helpful in improving the paper: Cristina Anne Rheims, Martín Ramírez, Ricardo PintodaRocha and anony mous. Finally, we greatly thank André Prado for our discussions about Cleocnemis taxonomy. The authors were supported by the following grants: PP -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 130702/20196) and Programa de Pósgraduação em Zoologia -UFPA/MPEG; MD -Coorde