Corresponding authors: Li Ma (
Editorial responsibility: Gabriel L.F. Mejdalani
A new species,
The diagnostic characteristics that differentiate
Herein, we describe and illustrate a new
Types and other specimens examined in this study are deposited in Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (
The specimens were observed and described using an Olympus stereomicroscope (SZ Series, Japan) with an ocular micrometer. Photographs were taken with a camera attached to a VHX-5000 digital microscope and were edited using Adobe Photoshop® 8.0. Morphological terminology follows those of
1 | Female (tergum 6, frons and/or clypeus without white or yellow marks) (Figs |
2 |
1' | Male (tergum 7, frons and/or clypeus with white or yellow marks) ( |
12 |
2 | Anterior groove of scutellum not crenulate (just like a simple line) | 3 |
2' | Anterior groove of scutellum crenulate (Fig. |
6 |
3 | Metanotum distinctly coriaceous; pygidial area long (longer than wide), with lateral carinae ( |
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3' | Metanotum slightly coriaceous (Fig. |
4 |
4. | S2 without groove; midtibial spur relatively short (less than midocellus diameter); propodeal enclosure carina complete; vertex behind ocelli coarsely and transversely coriaceous, with dense and coarse punctures; outer tooth of mandible acute, inner tooth blunt | |
4'. | S2 with narrow transverse groove (Fig. |
5 |
5. | Pygidial area inconspicuous; S2 deeply impressed, divided into two parts (Fig. |
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5'. | Pygidial area short (wider than long); S2 shallowly impressed, inconspicuously divided; metapleuron smooth; mesopleuron shiny with sparse and fine punctures and dense, long longitudinal rugae on lower area; mesoscutum with sparse, sturdy and long longitudinal rugae posteriorly; head from above with temples roundly convergent posteriorly | |
6. | Propodeal enclosure poorly defined with carina developed or inconspicuous (Fig. |
7 |
6'. | Propodeal enclosure well-defined with carina, sturdy and slender, incomplete or complete | 9 |
7. | Lower propodeal side reticulate (Fig. |
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7'. | Lower propodeal side with transverse short rugae; pygidial area narrow, dull and long (longer than wide), with distinct lateral carinae; mesoscutum posteriorly with short longitudinal rugae ( |
8 |
8. | Propodeum with conspicuous rugae posteriorly ( |
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8'. | Propodeum reticulate posteriorly; clypeus without rugae; ocellar area and upper frons with dense punctures; T1 with broad median groove, and sturdy, irregular, longitudinal rugae basally; metapleuron shiny | |
9. | Propodeal enclosure triangular; propodeal side posterior with several sturdy and short longitudinal rugae; gaster fulvous to dark brown; lower frons dark brown | |
9'. | Propodeal enclosure U-shaped ( |
10 |
10. | Propodeal enclosure carina conspicuous and complete; mesoscutum distinctly coriaceous; head from above with temples rarely convergent posteriorly ( |
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10'. | Propodeal enclosure carina slender and incomplete; mesoscutum coarsely coriaceous; head from above with temples distinctly or roundly convergent posteriorly ( |
11 |
11. | Posterior propodeal side with irregular reticulation; propodeum with irregular reticulation; metapleuron with sparse and fine punctures; mesoscutum with sparse or dense, slender and short longitudinal rugae posteriorly ( |
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11'. | Posterior propodeal side with slender and oblique longitudinal or in some cases inconspicuous rugae; propodeum with sturdy, longitudinal rugae; metapleuron smooth; mesoscutum without rugae posteriorly (Fig. |
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12. | Scutellum anterior groove not crenulate (just like a simple line); posterior area of scutum without rugae (Fig. |
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12'. | Scutellum anterior groove crenulate (Fig. |
13 |
13. | S2 deeply impressed, divided into two distinct parts (Fig. |
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13'. | S2 shallowly impressed, poorly divided; posterior propodeal side with longitudinal rugae; metapleuron smooth or with strong, transverse and long carina; body dark brown; clypeus ivory white; lower frons with large ivory spot apicolaterally (diameter more than 0.5 mm) | 14 |
14. | Metapleuron with strong, transverse and long carina; metanotum slightly coriaceous, without striations laterally; upper frons with sparse and coarse punctures; lower and median frons with conspicuous frontal carina, extending up to clypeal line; yellowish setae on clypeus and mandible; tegula fulvous | |
14'. | Metapleuron smooth; metanotum distinctly coriaceous, with longitudinal striations laterally; upper frons not punctate; lower and median frons without median carina; silvery setae on clypeus and mandible; tegula reddish-brown to dark brown |
Holotype: female, China: Yunnan, Luchun County, Fenshuiling,
This species differs from
Female (Figs
Colour pattern. Body black except: mandible reddish-brown on apex, palpi and forewing veins fulvous, tegula dark brown, fore- and midlegs mostly dark brown except tibia and tarsus fulvous to reddish-brown, hind tibia reddish brown except basal third and tarsus fulvous, setae on clypeus and mandible silvery.
Head. Mandible bidentate apically, teeth acute, outer tooth larger than inner; setae on mandible sparse, long on apex (Fig.
Mesosoma. Mesoscutum mat, distinctly coriaceous, with dense and coarse punctures (Fig.
Legs. Midtibial spur long (greater than or equal to midocellus diameter), outer surface of hind tibia without spines.
Metasoma. Petiole inconspicuous (Fig.
Male. Unknown.
China (Yunnan, Ningxia).
The specific epithet,
Specimens in lateral view: (9)
1 female, China: Hebei, Xiaowutai Mountain, Jinhekou,
China (Hebei), France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Finland, England, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Andorra, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Belarus, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Croatia, Western Slovakia, Slovenia, Portugal, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine (
1 male, China: Yunnan, Tengchong, Houqiao,
China (Yunnan, Ningxia), USA: California (
1 female, China: Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan,
China (Yunnan), USA: Utah (
1 female, China: Inner Mongolia, Zhengxiangbaiqi,
China (Inner Mongolia), Italy, Germany, Poland, Austria, Greece, Croatia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Slovenia, Turkey (
1 female, China: Xinjiang, Tuomuer,
China (Xinjiang), Finland, Sweden, Norway (
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (processes #31750002 and #31760641). The authors extend their appreciation to W.J. Pulawski for providing references.