Corresponding authors. Zejian Li (
Editorial responsibility: Gabriel L. F. Mejdalani
Five species of
The Tianmu mountain is located in Lin’an District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, being one of the famous mountains in East China. As a result of three field trips conducted in May and June, 2014 and 2019, we collected a total of 107 specimens of
Specimens studied in this work were collected by sweeping in wooded bog and forest fringe zones in the forest ecosystem of the middle subtropical zone in China. Of the new species, 68 specimens were examined. Names of the mentioned host plants follow the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (
The holotype and part of the paratypes are deposited in the Asian Sawfly Museum, Nanchang, China (
Abbreviations. (
Body and wings long. Clypeus short, anterior margin slightly emarginated; eyes large and elliptical, distance between eyes usually broader than length of eye; mandibles stubby, with 2–3 symmetrical teeth, apical tooth weakly curved; temple short, lateral sides narrowed in dorsal view, postocellar area broader than long, hind orbit rounded, occipital carina short or absent; frons conspicuous, with a distinct frontal ridge; malar space 0.3–1.3 times diameter of median ocellus; antennae stout, antennomere 2 broader than long, antennomere 3 approximately as long as antennomere 4; epicnemium narrow, distinctly elevated, epicnemial groove distinct; mesepimeron with a distinct transverse middle carina, lower part of anepimeron concave; apex of inner spur of fore tibia bifid, metabasitarsus much shorter than following four tarsomeres together; tarsal claw without basal lobe, inner tooth absent or small and remote from outer tooth; fore wing with vein 1M weakly convergent or parallel with 1m-cu towards pterostigma, base of vein Rs+M distinctly curved, vein cu-a joining cell 1M at about middle, cell 2M clearly longer than broad, anal cross-vein usually absent; hind wing with cells Rs and M closed, anal cell sessile or with a short petiole; ovipositor sheath usually with lateral branches or scapes, narrow and long in few species; lamnium of lancet longer than radix, mostly with regular serrulae; valviceps of penis valve long oval, dorsal margin with minute teeth.
1. | Clypeus black; hind anal cell sessile; claw with inner tooth; female apical sheath with divergent lateral scopas; body length 10–12mm | 2 |
1’. | Clypeus white; hind anal cell distinctly petiolate; claw without inner tooth; female apical sheath with short lateral branches; body length 6–8mm | 3 |
2. | Claw with a large inner tooth; head rugose, mesonotum and mesepisternum densely punctate, without smooth area; broad posterior band on abdominal tergites 2–8 yellowish-white; pterostigma partly yellowish-brown; ovipositor apical sheath with very large lateral scopas | |
2’. | Claw with a minute inner tooth; head largely smooth, mesonotum and mesepisternum smooth and shiny, impunctate; narrow posterior margin of abdominal tergites 2–6 brown; pterostigma entirely black; ovipositor apical sheath with small lateral scopas | |
3. | Mesepisternum strongly shiny, surface very smooth, without punctures or microsculptures; narrow posterior margins of abdominal terga yellowish-white | 4 |
3’. | Mesepisternum feebly shiny, surface with dense and minute punctures mixed with microsculptures; several middle terga largely yellowish-brown to reddish-brown | |
4. | Middle fovea triangular in shape; inner orbits densely microsculptured; petiole of hind anal cell as long as breadth of anal cell | |
4’. | Middle fovea subquadrate in shape; upper inner orbits smooth and shiny; petiole of hind anal cell longer than breadth of anal cell |
Female body length 6–7 mm; male body length 5–6 mm. Body black, following parts yellowish-brown: labrum, clypeus, posterior half of pronotum, posterior margins of all abdominal terga, tegula and legs; other parts of all abdominal terga black. Head, pronotum, all abdominal terga, posterior margin of mesepimeron and metapleuron with dense microsculptures, shiny. Malar space broader than diameter of middle ocellus; median fovea large and round, fine carina of lateral foveae high; postocellar area broad, lateral furrow deep and oval rounded; antennae long, approximately 3× length of breadth of head, antennomere 3 shorter than antennomeres 4 and 5. Claw without subapical tooth. Fore wing without anal cross-vein, vein 2r joining inner of vein 3r-m; petiole of anal cell in hind wing slightly shorter than breadth of anal cell. Ovipositor slightly short, scape branch shaped, divergent towards the back; cercus extending into sheath apex. Annuli of serrulae low and flat.
1 female and 1 male, China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an District, Mt. Tianmu, Nandamen,
China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang).
Unknown.
Female body length 5–7 mm. Body black, following parts yellowish-brown: labrum, clypeus, posterior half of pronotum, tegula and legs; median parts of all abdominal terga with yellowish-brown maculae of various shapes, basal and apical parts black. Head, lateral sides of median mesoscutal lobe, pronotum, all abdominal terga, mesepimeron and metapleuron with dense microsculptures, those of head slightly rugose, frontal area and lateral parts with lustre, mesepisternum with small punctures, interspace between punctures slightly smooth. Malar space broader than diameter of middle ocellus; median fovea large and round, fine carina of lateral foveae high; postocellar area broad, lateral furrow deep and oval rounded; antennae long, approximately 3× slightly shorter than breadth of head, antennomere 3 shorter than antennomeres 4 and 5. Claw without subapical tooth. Fore wing without anal cross-vein, vein 2r joining inner of vein 3r-m; petiole of anal cell in hind wing slightly shorter than breadth of anal cell. Ovipositor slightly short, scape branch shaped, divergent towards the back; cercus extending into sheath apex. Annuli of serrulae low and flat.
1 male, China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an District, Chanyuan Temple,
China (Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Europe, Japan, North America.
Female body length 6 mm. Body black, following parts white: labrum, clypeus, posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, median parts, posterior margins and lateral sides of abdominal terga; legs yellowish-brown, basal half of all coxae, dorsal sides of middle tarsomeres, dorsal sides of hind tibiae and hind tarsomeres blackish-brown. Dorsal side of head with dense microsculptures, frontal area smooth; thorax smooth, pronotum, posterior parts of mesopleuron and metapleuron with fine microsculptures, posterior margin of mesoscutellum with some punctures; all abdominal terga with dense microsculptures. Median fovea triangular, lateral foveae as broad as median fovea, oval rounded, dorsal margin with fine carina; frontal ridge acute, frontal area five-pointed; lateral furrow of postocellar area deep and oval; malar space as long as diameter of middle ocellus; antennae 3× length of breadth of head, antennomere 3 clearly shorter than antennomere 4. Claw without subapical tooth. Petiole of anal cell of hind wing as long as breadth of anal cell. Ovipositor sheath in dorsal view as long as cercus, scape branch shaped, slightly parallel. Annuli of serrulae slightly prominent.
2 females and 3 males, Mt. Tianmu, Zhejiang, no collecting time (Zhejiang Agriculture University).
China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Japan.
Unknown.
China, Zhejiang, Lin’an District, Mt. Tianmu.
This new species resembles
Female holotype, China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an District, Mt. Tianmu, Chanyuan Temple,
Holotype, female (Figs
Color. Body black; palp mostly blackish-brown; broad band on posterior margin and lateral corners of pronotum, yellowish-white; tegula, median blotch of abdominal tergum 1, narrow but distinct posterior margins of abdominal terga 1–8, narrow posterior margins of sternites 1–6, indistinct median carina and posterior margin of abdominal tergum 10, pale brown; apical margins of fore and middle coxae, apical 2/5 of hind coxa, about apical half of each femur and basal half of all tibiae, yellowish-white; apical half of fore tibia and tarsomeres, apical half of middle tibia, almost entire middle tarsomeres and base of metabasitarsus, brown; apical half of hind tibia and hind tarsus except base blackish-brown to black. Wings hyaline, apical third barely infuscate, basal 1/2 of vein C in fore wing and entire vein C in hind wing pale brown, other veins and stigma blackish-brown. Body hairs silver, hairs on sheath and antennae blackish-brown.
Punctuation. Dorsum of head largely smooth and impunctate, face and frons weakly sculptured mixed with some small punctures, shiny (Fig.
Head. Clypeus flat, anterior margin shallowly incised to 1/6 length of clypeus; labrum small and short, transverse (Fig.
Wings (Fig.
Legs. Apical spurs of hind tibia subequal in length, slightly longer than apical breadth of hind tibia, hind basitarsomere much shorter than following 4 tarsomeres together (13: 16); claw with a minute inner tooth (Fig.
Ovipositor sheath. Ovipositor sheath in lateral view as shown in Fig.
Male. Body length 8–10 mm (Fig.
Unknown.
China (Zhejiang).
The specific epithet “
Female body length 11–13 mm. Body black, following parts yellow: labrum, antennomeres 1–2, most of antennomere 3, posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, posterior margins of abdominal terga 2–10, apex of hind femur, basal 1/3 of hind tibia; other parts of hind tibia, tarsomeres, stigma largely and frontal vein reddish-brown. Head strongly rugose, thorax coarsely punctured; postocellar area and temple with some shiny portions; posterior half of mesoscutellum, mesoscutellar appendage largely and frontal margin of mesepimeron smooth; all abdominal terga with dense microsculptures. Anterior margin of clypeus “V”-shaped, narrowed; interocellar furrow and postocellar furrow fine, postocellar area 2× broader than long, lateral furrow fine, malar space as wide as diameter of middle ocellus, antennae 2× not longer than breadth of head. Subapical tooth of claw slightly shorter than apical tooth. Fore wing without anal cross-vein, anal cell of hind wing sessile. Ovipositor sheath with large lateral branch, annuli of serrulae prominent. Male body length 8.5–10.5 mm, abdominal terga 1–2 black.
1 female, China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an District, Mt. Tianmu, Chanyuan Temple,
China (Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Europe.
Collecting sites of
Five species of
The authors are deeply grateful to the anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 31970447 and 31672344).