Figure 1. 

Vole nociceptive latencies among the four treatments. N=10, 10, 10 and 10 for the PR+PA+, PR+PA-, PR-PA+ and PR-PA- groups, respectively. Different letters represent significant difference between four treatments (p < 0.05). Data were expressed as the mean ± SE.

 
  Part of: Yang Y-G, Shang G-Z, Wu X-Q, Chen H-Q, Wu Y, Cao Y-F, Bian J-H (2021) Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Zoologia 38: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e67845