Research Article |
Corresponding author: Barbara Proença ( bproenca28@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Ângelo Pinto
© 2018 Barbara Proença, Valéria Cid Maia.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Proença B, Cid Maia V (2018) Bruggmannia chapadensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new midge inducing galls on Guapira pernambucensis (Nyctaginaceae) from the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13040
|
Bruggmannia >chapadensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on characters of the larva, pupa and adults of both sexes, from specimens collected in Cerrado areas of Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is characterized by tarsal claws bent at distal 1/3; well-developed empodia, not reaching the bend in claws; cerci rounded; hipoproct shorter than cerci; aedeagus with globose apex; gonostylus semicircular; ovipositor protrusible about 1.4 times longer than sternite 7; pupal antennal bases enlarged, conical, upper facial horns semicircular; prothoracic spiracle short, abdominal segments 2–8 with one row of dorsal spines; larval terminal segment elongate, with four setose terminal papillae. This new species was collected from lenticular leaf galls of Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell (Nyctaginaceae). This is the first record of Bruggmannia galls on this plant species. In Brazil, 13 species of Bruggmannia were previously known, none recorded from Mato Grosso.
Cerrado, gall midge, insect-plant interaction, taxonomy
Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 is a Neotropical genus characterized by the following characters (
There are 19 described species of Bruggmannia, 13 from Brazil, all gall inducers. Among them, 16 are associated with Nyctaginaceae, and the other three species are associated either with Rubiaceae (two spp.) or Myrsinaceae (one sp.) (
The new species described here was found inducing galls (Fig.
The objective of this study was to describe a new species of Bruggmannia associated with G. pernambucensis, contributing to the knowledge of its diversity in the Neotropics.
This study is part of the project “Diptera dos estados do Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Rondônia: diversidade, sistemática e limites distribucionais”. The aim of this project is to inventory the diversity of Diptera from Brazil’s North and Midwest areas.
The species described in the present study was collected in September 2011 at Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães (National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães) in Mato Grosso (Brazil), on Guapira pernambucensis. The gall was photographed using a digital camera and characterized according to its shape, color, presence or absent of trichomes, and also the number of internal chambers. The collected material was labeled and transported to the Laboratório de Diptera (Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro). Samples of the gall were placed in plastic pots at room temperature to rear adults. Other samples were dissected to collect immature stages of the inducer. The specimens were prepared and mounted on slides following the methods outlined in
The gall midge genus was identified using
The host plant was identified by Dr. Gracialda Ferreira and Manuel Cordeiro (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia), and the exsiccate was deposited in the herbarium of that institution.
Adult: Palpus three segmented, first and second segments cylindrical, third claviform; flagellomeres cylindrical and slightly constrict near the base. Tarsal claws bend at distal 1/3; empodia well developed, setose, not reaching the bend in claws. Male terminalia: cerci rounded; hipoproct shorter than cerci; aedeagus with globose apex; gonostylus semicircular. Ovipositor protrusible about, 1.4 times longer than sternite 7, tapering to the apex. Pupa: antennal bases enlarged, conical, pointed apically and six times shorter than the basal antennal width; upper facial horns semicircular; prothoracic spiracle short 1.5 times longer than the antennal width; abdominal segments 2–8 with one row of dorsal spines near to the anterior portion of the segment. Larva: terminal segment elongate, with 0.30 mm length and four terminal papillae with seta.
Adult. Body length: 1.8 mm in male (n = 1) and 3.2–3.3 mm in female (n = 3). Head (Fig.
Pupal exuvia (Fig.
Larva (Figs
Holotype: male, BRAZIL. Mato Grosso State: Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Caminho Véu da Noiva trail, 05/Sep./2011, Maia & Ascendino leg. (MNRJ). Paratypes 2 males, 10 females, 16 pupal exuviae and 2 larvae same data as the holotype, Maia & Ascendino leg. (MNRJ). Additional specimens (excluded from the type series). Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Grumari, Brazil, Jun./2004, 9 pupal exuviae, Maia & Oliveira leg. (MNRJ).
Currently known from Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state (Brazil) and Restinga de Grumari, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
The name chapadensis refers to the type-locality, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, where this species was collected.
This species induces galls on leaves of Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell (Nyctaginaceae). The galls are lenticular, light green, glabrous, and one-chambered (Fig.
Bruggmannia chapadensis sp. nov.: (8) male abdominal segments 6–8 in lateral view; (9) male terminalia, dorsal view; (10) female abdominal segments 6–8 in lateral view; inside the circle a detail of the scales that cover a portion of the segment 8; (11) photograph of female abdominal segments 6–8 showing a detail of the scales on segment 8; (12) ovipositor, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: 8–10, 12 = 0.10 mm, 11 = 0.10 mm, detail = 0.02 mm.
The new species shares with other Bruggmannia adults the following characters: three-segmented palpus, male flagellomeres cylindrical and constricted near the base, their circumfila more projected from the flagellomeres than in the other Schizomyiina genera, ovipositor with long dorsal setae and short, separated cerci; and larvae without spatula (
We thank to Sharlene Ascendino for the field work and all the researchers involved on the Sisbiota project. This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq proc. 563256/2010-9).