Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ana C.S. Almeida ( carol.salmeida@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Rosana Rocha
© 2018 Ana C.S. Almeida, Facelúcia B.C. Souza, Leandro M. Vieira.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Almeida ACS, Souza FBC, Vieira LM (2018) A new species of Cellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from northeastern Brazil, with a tabular identification key to the Atlantic species. Zoologia 35: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24571
|
A new species of the erect cheilostome bryozoan Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786 is described from Bahia, NE Brazil. Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. is the first formally characterized species of the genus reported from Northeastern coast of Brazil, distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularium with sagittate foramen, completely immersed ovicell with oval aperture and proximal rectangular lip. A brief discussion of the diversity of Cellaria from the Atlantic Ocean and a tabular identification key to these species are also provided.
Bryozoan, Cellariidae , taxonomy, Western Atlantic
Marine bryozoans are found in all oceans, from the intertidal to abyssal depths. The vast majority of some 5,689 living species (
Among the erect bryozoans, Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786 is a speciose genus, comprising more than 50 living species (
Over the past decade, knowledge of the diversity of marine bryozoans in Brazil has grown significantly and more than 100 new species were described (e.g.,
Here we formally describe this new taxon from state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, and provide a diagnosis for it based on specimens from the same locality (i.e. Todos os Santos Bay) as those studied by Souza (
All type and non-type specimens analyzed in this study are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia of Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil. The specimens were collected by dredge in different localities between 1997 and 2006 along the coast of Bahia, northeast Brazil, from 15 to 50 m (Fig.
Cellaria
sp. 2:
Cellaria
sp.:
Cellaria with hexagonal autozooids, opesia semi-elliptical with distal rim tuberculate and slightly convex proximal rim with two rounded condyles; interzooidal avicularia hexagonal, with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area, with sagittate foramen and placed only between non-fertile zooids; fertile zooids rhomboid and ovicell completely immersed with oval aperture and a proximal rectangular lip.
Colony erect, cylindrical, jointed, symmetrically bifurcating and attached at the base by chitinous rhizoids. Branches formed by 6–20 zooidal series, 0.353–0.372 mm in diameter when formed only by infertile autozooids, but larger in regions of fertile zooids, about 0.544–0.574 mm in diameter (Fig.
Holotype: Brazil, Bahia: Todos os Santos Bay (12°51’62”S, 38°39’78”W, 43 m), 1 specimen, April 1997, Orane Alves leg., UFBA 280. Paratypes: Brazil, Bahia: Todos os Santos Bay (12°49’62”S, 38°37’38”W), 1 specimen, May 1997, Orane Alves leg., UFBA 2263; Salvador (12°58’79”S, 38°33’41”W, 50 m), 1 specimen, UFBA 2262. Additional specimens: Brazil, Bahia: Abrolhos Bank (18°20’80”S, 38°55’97”W, 41 m), 10 specimens, April 1997, Zelinda Leão leg., UFBA 1446; Maraú (Baixo Sul, 14°06’49”S, 38°57’31”W), 5 specimens, August 2004, LAMEB-UFBA leg., UFBA 2261; Cairú (Baixo Sul, 13°27’01”S, 38°46’34”W, 48 m), 2 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2260; Ituberá (Baixo Sul, 13°44’02”S, 38°48’58”W, 47 m), 6 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2259; Maraú (Baixo Sul, 14°05’00”S, 38°53’55”W, 30 m), 6 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2258; Itacaré (Baixo Sul, 14°11’01”S, 38°58’59”W, 15 m), 8 specimens, 2002, José Dominguez leg., UFBA 2241; Camaçari (12°44’12”S, 38°05’12”W, 23 m), 4 specimens, 2002-2004, LAMEB-UFBA leg., UFBA 2257; Camaçari (12°50’00”S, 38°10’06”W, 37 m), 6 specimens, 2002-2006, LAMEB-UFBA leg., UFBA 2256.
Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia); infralittoral, from 15 to 50 m.
The species epithet is in honor of Orane Alves (Universidade Federal da Bahia), in recognition of her contribution to the knowledge of Brazil’s marine biodiversity.
Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area and with sagittate foramen, ovicell completely immersed with aperture oval and a proximal rectangular lip. We analyzed 50 internodes of the new species, among which 30 were formed only by autozooids (infertile internodes) and 20 were fertile (with autozooids and ovicelled zooids). Avicularia were found in both fertile and infertile internodes, but no avicularia were found between fertile zooids. Therefore, we believe that interzooidal avicularia of C. oraneae sp. nov. are placed only between autozooids.
Among Cellaria species already recorded from the Atlantic Ocean, C. oraneae sp. nov. resembles C. riograndensis in having cryptocyst mostly granular, hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area, with no condyles and completely immersed ovicell. Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. riograndensis by having autozooids hexagonal and fertile rhomboid zooids (in C. riograndensis, both autozooids and fertile zooids have the same shape), avicularia placed only between autozooids and with sagittate foramen (avicularia is placed between either autozooids and fertile zooids and with triangular foramen in C. riograndensis), and ovicell aperture with a proximal rectangular lip (without lip in C. riograndensis).
Among other Cellaria distributed worldwide, C. oranae sp. nov. resembles C. tenuirostris (Busk, 1852) in the hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, granular cryptocyst, hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area and completely immersed ovicell. Cellaria oranae sp. nov. is distinct from C. tenuirostris, however, by having avicularium with sagittate foramen and no condyles (C. tenuirostris have an avicularium with triangular foramen and well-developed condyles), avicularium placed only between autozooids (in C. tenuirostris avicularia are placed between either autozooids and fertile zooids), and ovicell aperture with a proximal rectangular lip (without lip in C. tenuirostris).
Cellaria oraneae sp. nov., UFBA 280, holotype, Bahia, Brazil: (2) general aspect of the branches; (3) close-up of subhexagonal autozooids; (4) close-up of opesia showing tuberculate distal rim and proximal condyles; (5) close-up of hexagonal interzooidal avicularia with longitudinal ridges forming a spear-shaped area and sagittate foramen; (6) close-up of fertile rhombic zooids; (7) close-up of immersed ovicells showing oval aperture with proximal rectangular lip. Scale bars: 2 = 500 µm; 3, 6 = 200 µm; 4, 5, 7 = 100 µm.
The morphological characters commonly used to discriminate among Cellaria species include the shape of autozooids and fertile zooids (assigned as hexagonal when formed by six sides or rhomboid when with four sides;
At least 58 species of Cellaria are recognized worldwide (
Tabular identification key to Atlantic species of Cellaria: present (+) and absent (–), avicularia interzooidal (I), avicularia fistulose (F), unknown states (?).
Species | Autozooid | Opesia | Avicularia | Dimorphism in fertile zooid | Ovicell/Aperture | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shape | Cryptocyst | Distal rim | Proximal rim | Distal condyles | Type | Shape | Foramen | Condyles | |||
C. atlantida Cook, 1967 | rhombic | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | rhombic | bell-shaped | – | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. bassleri Hastings, 1947 | rhombic | smooth | smooth | convex | – | I | hexagonal | subtriangular | – | – | immersed/semicircular |
C. bafouri Matsuyama, Titschack, Baum & Freiwald, 2015 | hexagonal | smooth | beaded | convex | – | – | – | – | – | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. brasiliensis Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | subtriangular | + | – | immersed/oval to circular |
C. clavata (Busk, 1884) | rhombic | granular | beaded | convex | + | F | semicircular | semicircular | – | + (hexagonal) | immersed/circular, with rectangular lip in later astogeny |
C. cookae Lopez de la Cuadra & García-Gómez, 1996 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | subcordate | – | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. crassa Wood, 1844 | hexagonal | granular | ? | convex | + | I | rhombic | subtriangular | – | + (rhombic) | immersed/semicircular |
C. diffusa Robertson, 1905 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | + | F | quadrangular | semicircular | – | – | immersed/oval |
C. elongatoides Bassler, 1936 | hexagonal | granular | ? | convex | – | F | circular | semicircular | – | + (with larger opesial condyles) | immersed/with semicircular lip |
C. fistulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) | rhombic/hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | F | quadrangular to rounded | semielliptical | + | – | immersed/circular, with rectangular lip in later astogeny |
C. harmelini d’Hondt, 1973 | hexagonal | smooth | beaded | convex | – | F | semicircular | semicircular | - | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. louisorum Winston & Woollacott, 2009 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | triangular | + | + (with concave proximal rim) | immersed/circular |
C. normani (Hastings, 1947) | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | semicircular | + | – | immersed/oval to circular |
C. novanglia Winston & Hayward, 2012 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | F | quadrangular | mushroom-shaped | + | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. oraneae sp. | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | sagittate | – | + (rhombic) | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. ornata d’Orbigny, 1842 |
rhombic | granular | beaded | convex | ? | I | ? | triangular | ? | ? | ? |
C. paradoxa Hayward & Cook, 1979 | hexagonal | granular | smooth | convex | + | – | – | – | – | + (rhombic, with larger opesia) | immersed/semicircular |
C. riograndensis Ramalho & Calliari, 2015 | rhombic/hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | triangular | – | – | immersed/circular |
C. salicornioides Lamouroux, 1816 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | + | I | hexagonal | semicircular | + | – | immersed/circular |
C. scoresbyi Hastings, 1947 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | - | I | hexagonal | triangular | + | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. sinuosa (Hassall, 1840) | hexagonal | granular | smooth | straight | + | F | circular | semicircular | + | – | immersed/with rectangular lip |
C. sobrionoi Lopez de la Cuadra & García-Gómez, 2000 | hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | rhombic | subtriangular | + | – | prominent/triangular |
C. subtropicalis Vieira, Gordon, Souza & Haddad, 2010 | rhombic/hexagonal | granular | beaded | convex | – | I | hexagonal | subtriangular | + | – | Immersed/semielliptical to subtriangular |
C. triangulata Canu & Bassler, 1925 | rhombic | smooth | ? | straight | – | ? | ? | ? | ? | + (with larger opesia) | immersed/triangular |
This study is part of A.C.S. Almeida’s PhD thesis supported by PROTAX-CNPq (440620/2015-5) through the Graduate Program in Animal Biology (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal) of the Departamento de Zoologia, UFPE. We are grateful to Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz (FIOCRUZ/BA) for SEM images, Orane Alves (Laboratório de Geoecologia de Sedimentos Marinhos, UFBA), Marlene Peso-Aguiar (Laboratório de Malacologia e Ecologia de Bentos, UFBA) and Ulisses Pinheiro (Laboratório de Porifera, UFPE) for logistical support.