2024-03-29T10:03:05Z
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/oai.php
10.3897/zoologia.34.e11923
2017-04-03
zoologia
Ultrastructure of the dermal chromatophores in the Fringe-toed lizard, Acanthodactylus orientalis
A. Paray,Bilal
K. Al-Sadoon,Mohammed
Histology
Xanthophores
lridophores
Melanosomes
anatomical significance
Zoologia 34: 1-7
Histology and electron microscopic studies of the dorsal skin of the Fringe-toed lizard, Acanthodactylus orientalis Angel, 1936, showed three types of dermal chromatophores: xanthophores, iridophores and melanophores. These pigment cells were observed in vertical combination, with an uppermost layer of xanthophores, an intermediate layer of iridophores and a basal layer of melanophores. The ultrastructure of the melanophore is characterized by oval nucleus and numerous pigment granules, the melanosomes of different stages that remain scattered in the cytoplasm. The chromatophores of this species contain significant information of anatomical similarity with lower as well as higher vertebrates. They can help to better understand the inter relationships between vertebrate pigment cells and their role in skin dysfunctions.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e11923
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e11923
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/11923/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/11923/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e11921
2017-04-03
zoologia
Influence of vegetation physiognomy, elevation and fire frequency on medium and large mammals in two protected areas of the Espinhaço Range
Ferreira de Pinho,Fernando
Braga Ferreira,Guilherme
Paglia,Adriano
Cerrado
campo rupestre
species richness
use of habitat
wildfire
Zoologia 34: 1-11
The objectives of this study were to determine the richness of medium and large mammal species in two protected areas of the Espinhaço Mountain Range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; and to investigate the factors affecting the occurrence of those species. To accomplish that we placed 49 camera traps activated by heat and motion at Rio Preto State Park (RPSP) and 48 at Sempre Vivas National Park (SVNP). We also collected data on three environmental variables: vegetation physiognomy, elevation and wildfire frequency, to evaluate the influence of these factors on species richness and use intensity (inferred from camera trap detection rate) by large mammals. We recorded 23 large mammal species in the two parks combined. The lowest species richness was found at the rupestrian habitat of RPSP, and in the open grasslands of SVNP. The forest and savannah physiognomies were used more intensively by large mammals. Species richness was higher and use was greater at lower elevations of RPSP. In SVNP, fire frequency did not affect species richness or use intensity. The savannah habitat had very similar richness compared to the forests of the two protected areas. The high species richness and use intensity observed in these forest habitats highlights the importance of riparian environments in the Cerrado biome. The highest species richness and use intensity observed at low elevation follows patterns found in the literature, probably due to variation in the vegetation, which results in greater resource availability. Although rupestrian habitats at high elevations of the Espinhaço Range are known to have a high degree of endemism for some taxa, large mammal richness and use were not high in this habitat. These results indicate that the protection of native vegetation at lower elevations is crucial for the long-term conservation of large mammals in the Espinhaço Range.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e11921
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e11921
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/11921/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/11921/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e12623
2017-04-03
zoologia
Owenia caissara sp. n. (Annelida, Oweniidae) from Southern Brazil: addressing an identity crisis
Silva,Luiz
Lana,Paulo
Estuarine bottoms
Polychaeta
subtidal
Zoologia 34: 1-7
We re-assess the taxonomic status of Owenia Delle Chiaje, 1841 from Southern Brazil based on estuarine specimens from Paranaguá Bay (Paraná) and Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina), and literature records. Owenia caissara sp. n. is diagnosed by a branchial crown with five pairs of tentacles, branched close to the base of the crown, rectilinear collar with a pronounced lateral slit, two ventrolateral ocelli partially covered by the collar, up to 23 hooks on a single row in the first abdominal segment, regularly curved nuchal shape, regularly moderate teeth curvature, and long and thin scales with oval transition. The description of Owenia caissara sp. n. reinforces the idea that Owenia fusiformis sensu lato is a complex of closely related species that can be distinguished on the basis of both macro- and micro- morphological traits.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12623
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12623
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12623/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12623/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e12622
2017-04-07
zoologia
Observations on food preference of Neotropical land planarians (Platyhelminthes), with emphasis on Obama anthropophila, and their phylogenetic diversification
Cseh,Amanda
Carbayo,Fernando
Froehlich,Eudóxia Maria
Diet
flatworm
Geoplaninae
predation
soil fauna.
Zoologia 34: 1-8
The food preference of Obama anthropophila Amaral, Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2015, a species that seems to be spreading across Brazil’s human-modified environments, was investigated. Extensive experiments led to the conclusion that the generalized diet of this species may have facilitated its dispersal. The analysis of 132 feeding records of 44 geoplaninid species revealed a tendency for closely related species to feed on individuals from similar taxonomic groups, suggesting that in this group behavioral evolution is more conserved than phylogenetic diversification.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12622
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12622
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12622/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12622/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e11996
2017-04-27
zoologia
Phylogeny of the Neotropical longhorn beetle genus Ateralphus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
Souza,Diego
Monné,Marcela
Marinoni,Luciane
Acanthoderini
cladistics
distribution
new combination
taxonomy
Zoologia 34: 1-11
Ateralphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001 is a Neotropical genus of longhorn beetles composed of nine species. This genus was proposed from splitting Alphus White, 1855 into other two genera: Ateralphus and Exalphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001. Even though Ateralphus (nine species), Alphus (four) and Exalphus (18) were recently revised, their validity has not been tested using phylogenetic methods. In this study, we carried out a cladistic analysis of Ateralphus and its related genera, Alphus and Exalphus, based on 44 morphological characters of the adults, to test their monophyly and infer the relationships between their species. Our results support the monophyly of the three genera and recovered two clades that corroborate the species-groups previously recognized in Ateralphus. A new genus, Grandateralphus gen. n., is proposed for one of these clades, which is supported by three synapomorphies: width of upper ocular lobes less than width between the lobe and the coronal suture (character state 6: 0), genae parallel in frontal view (8: 1) and scape gradually expanded toward apex, reaching widest diameter just near apex (9: 2). Grandateralphus gen. n. includes three new combinations: G. lacteus (Galileo & Martins, 2006), comb. n.; G. tumidus (Souza & Monné, 2013), comb. n.; and G. variegatus (Mendes, 1938), comb. n. Notes on the distribution of G. variegatus comb. n. and a new record of E. cicatricornis Schmid, 2014 for Bolivia (Santa Cruz) are provided.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e11996
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e11996
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/11996/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/11996/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13230
2017-04-27
zoologia
Minaselates, a new genus and new species of Epiphragmophoridae from Brazil (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea)
Gabriela Cuezzo,Maria
Pena,Meire
Cerrado
Pleurodontidae
Pulmonata
South America
Taxonomy
Zoologia 34: 1-12
We describe a new genus and a new species in the family Epiphragmophoridae, Minaselates paradoxa sp. n. The new species was found at the National Park Cavernas do Peruaçu, in northern portion of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Minaselates paradoxa sp. n. is classified in Epiphragmophoridae based on the fact that it shares the following diagnostic features of the family: a dart apparatus with a single dart sac, and two unequal mucous glands at the terminal genitalia. Minaselates gen. n. differs from Epiphragmophora Doering, 1874 by having a granulose protoconch, shell spire with blunt apex, complex microsculpture on the teleoconch and closed umbilicus fused with the shell wall. Also, significant differences between the two genera are the presence of a long and thin kidney that extends more than half the length of the pulmonary cavity, the presence of a flagellar caecum, and a smooth jaw in Minaselates gen. n. The finding of this new species and genus is particularly significant to refine the definition of the family, since Epiphragmophoridae has been traditionally diagnosed using the same characters of Epiphragmophora. Dinotropis Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1937, the other valid genus in the family, is monospecific and is only known by the morphology of the shell. In many ways it is similar to Epiphragmophora. A cladistics analysis was made in the present study which supports Minaselates gen. n. as a different entity and as sister group of the Epiphragmophora within Epiphragmophoridae.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13230
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13230
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13230/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13230/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13228
2017-04-27
zoologia
Feeding behavior by hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) in artificial food patches in an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil
Lanna,Lucas L.
de Azevedo,Cristiano S.
Claudino,Ricardo M.
Oliveira,Reisla
Antonini,Yasmine
Behavioral strategies
dominance
food resources
subordination
trapline
Zoologia 34: 1-9
During flight, hummingbirds achieve the maximum aerobic metabolism rates within vertebrates. To meet such demands, these birds have to take in as much energy as possible, using strategies such as selecting the best food resources and adopting behaviors that allow the greatest energy gains. We tested whether hummingbirds choose sources that have higher sugar concentrations, and investigated their behaviors near and at food resources. The study was conducted at Atlantic forest remnant in Brazil, between June and December 2012. Four patches were provided with artificial feeders, containing sucrose solutions at concentrations of 5%, 15%, 25% and 35% weight/volume. Hummingbird behaviors were recorded using the ad libitum method with continuous recording of behaviors. The following species were observed: the Brazilian ruby Clytolaema rubricauda (Boddaert, 1783), Violet-capped woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis (Gmelin, 1788), Scale-throated hermit Phaethornis eurynome (Lesson, 1832), White-throated hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis (Vieillot, 1818), Versicoloured emerald Amazilia versicolor (Vieillot, 1818), Glittering-bellied emerald Chlorostilbon lucidus (Shaw, 1812) and other Phaethornis spp. C. rubricauda, P. eurynome and Phaethornis spp. visited the 35%-sucrose feeders more often, while the T. glaucopis visited the 25%-sucrose feeders more often. L. albicollis and A. versicolor visited more often solutions with sugar concentration of 15%. C. lucidus visited all patches equally. Three behavioral strategies were observed: 1) C. rubricauda and T. glaucopis exhibited interspecific and intraspecific dominance; 2) the remaining species exhibited subordinance to the dominant hummingbirds, and 3) P. eurynome and Phaethornis spp. adopted a hide-and-wait strategy to the dominant hummingbird species. The frequency of aggressive behaviors was correlated with the time the hummingbird spent feeding, and bird size. Our results showed that hummingbirds can adopt different strategies to enhance food acquisition; that more aggressive species feeding more than less aggressive species; and that the birds, especially if they were dominant species, visited high quality food resources more often.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13228
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13228
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13228/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13228/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13229
2017-04-28
zoologia
Anatomical and histological study of the liver and pancreas of two closely related mountain newts Neurergus microspilotus and N. kaiseri (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)
Vaissi,Somaye
Parto,Paria
Sharifi,Mozafar
Digestive glands
light microscopy
Hematoxylin-Eosin
Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Anatomical and histological examinations were conducted on the digestive glands of two closely related mountain newts, Neurergus microspilotus (Nesterov, 1916) and Neurergus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952. In N. microspilotus and N. kaiseri the major digestive glands comprise a very large liver and a small pancreas. In both species the liver has two distinct lobes, right and left. Histologically, the parenchyma of the liver of both species is contained within a thin capsule of fibroconnective tissue. Glycogen deposits and fat storage often dissolve during the routine histological process and produce considerable histological variability. Sinusoids are lined with endothelial cells forming a very thin epithelial sheet, with discontinuous basement membrane. Bile ducts also occur within the parenchyma of the liver. The ducts are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The gall bladder is a storage depot for bile. Its mucosa is thrown into numerous folds. The epithelial lining of the tunica muscularis is arranged circularly. There is a lot of pigmentation in the hepatic parenchyma. The pancreas in N. microspilotus and N. kaiseri is roughly triangular in shape, and lies rather to the dorsal side of the duodenum, between it and the stomach. The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of clusters of pyramidal cells, which are mostly organized in acini. In both species the cells have a dark basophilic cytoplasm, distinct basal nuclei, and many large eosinophilic zymogen granules containing enzymes responsible for the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleotides.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13229
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13229
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13229/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13229/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13729
2017-06-05
zoologia
Relationship between bird-of-prey decals and bird-window collisions on a Brazilian university campus
Brisque,Thaís
Campos-Silva,Lucas Andrei
Piratelli,Augusto J
Environmental impact
fauna depreciation
human-made environment
Neotropical
preventive actions
urban birds
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Bird-window collisions are a dramatic cause of bird mortality globally. In Latin America, statistics are generally very scarce and/or inaccessible so the frequency of such incidents is still poorly understood. Nevertheless, civilians have applied preventive methods (e.g. adhesive bird-of-prey decals) sparsely but, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated their effectiveness in Brazil. Here, we estimated the mortality rate of bird-window collisions and tested the effectiveness of bird-of-prey decals at preventing such accidents. We undertook daily searches for bird carcasses, presumably resulting from window collisions, near all buildings on a university campus over seven months. Adhesive bird-of-prey decals were then applied to the two buildings with the highest mortality rates and surveys continued for over 12 more months. The mortality rates before and after the application of decals and between seasons were then compared using Friedman test. We recorded 36 collisions, 29 around the two buildings with the highest collision rates 19 prior and 10 after our intervention with associated collision rates of 0.08 and 0.04 collisions/day. Although mortality was reduced by almost half, this difference was not statistically significant. The Blue-black grassquit, Volatinia jacarina (Linnaeus, 1766), and Ruddy ground dove, Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1810) suffered the highest number of collisions, followed by the Rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis (P. L. Statius Müller, 1776). Our bird-of-prey decals and efforts were insufficient to prevent or dramatically reduce the number of bird-window collisions. Therefore, we recommend that different interventions be used and additional long-term studies undertaken on their efficacy.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13729
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13729
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13729/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13729/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13727
2017-06-06
zoologia
Influence of artificial lights on the orientation of hatchlings of Eretmochelys imbricata in Pernambuco, Brazil
Simões,Thyara
Candido da Silva,Arley
de Melo Moura,Carina Carneiro
Anthropogenic impacts
cheloniidae
conservation
hawksbill turtle
light pollution.
Zoologia 34: 1-6
Sea turtle hatchlings, in natural abiotic conditions, emerge from their nests at night and go directly to the sea, following the moonlight’s reflection in the ocean. Increased human activities such as tourism and artificial lights on the coasts, however, have interfered with the ability of sea turtle neonates to find their correct destination, negatively affecting their survival rates. Here we endeavored to assess the influence of artificial lights on the hatchlings of the sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the south coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. To that end, 10 experiments were conducted with 15 hatchlings/test subjects. Five experiments took place in artificially illuminated areas and five in non-illuminated areas. Circles with a 2 m radius were drawn on the sand a small 2–3 cm depression was made at the center of each circles. The neonates were then placed in the depressions to simulate their coming from a nest. After the neonates crossed the edge of the circles, their tracks were photographed and drawn on a diagram. To ascertain if the trajectories of the neonates differed between the two groups (hatchlings from illuminated versus non-illuminated nests), the Rayleigh test was used. The significance of those differences was tested using ANOVA. To evaluate similarities and significance of clusters, a Multi-Dimensional Scaling was used. The tracks of 86.67% (N = 65) of the hatchlings from nests at illuminated areas departed from their correct trajectory. The distribution of trajectories was considered random (V = 19.4895, p > 0.05) only for tracks originating from artificially illuminated areas. The movement patterns of hatchlings from illuminated and non-illuminated areas differed significantly (F < 0.0001, p < 0.01). Consistent with this, two distinct groups were identified, one from illuminated and one from non-illuminated areas. Therefore, we conclude that artificial illumination impacts the orientation of hawksbill hatchlings. This suggests that in order to protect this species it is necessary to safeguard its nesting areas from artificial lights.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13727
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13727
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13727/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13727/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13730
2017-06-06
zoologia
Taxonomy of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from the Australian and Oriental regions with descriptions of new species of Scolytocis and Xylographella
Gonçalves,Igor
Lopes-Andrade,Cristiano
Australia
ciid
Ciinae
Micronesia
minute tree-fungus beetles
Zoologia 34: 1-7
Xylographellini beetles occur mainly in lands of the Southern Hemisphere. However, the taxonomy of Australian and Oriental species is incipient. The tribe comprises four genera, of which Scolytocis Blair, 1928 and Xylographella Miyatake, 1985 were recently redescribed and reported from Australia but without descriptions of new species. Here, three new species of Xylographellini are described: Scolytocis australimontensis sp. n. from Australia, with smooth interspaces of pronotal punctures; Scolytocis insularis sp. n. from the Pohnpei Island (Caroline Islands, Micronesia), with microstriated interspaces of pronotal punctures; and Xylographella frithae sp. n. from Australia, with six raised keels in elytral declivity. Scolytocis samoensis Blair, 1928, type species of the genus, is recorded from Guam (Mariana Islands, Micronesia) and redescribed. Keys for the Scolytocis and Xylographella occurring in the Australian and Oriental regions are also provided.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13730
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13730
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13730/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13730/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13732
2017-06-06
zoologia
Differences between caves with and without bats in a Brazilian karst habitat
Torquetti,Camila G.
Silva,Marcos Xavier
Talamoni,Sonia A.
Day roost
Desmodus
Glossophaga
Lagoa Santa Karst
maternity roost
Zoologia 34: 1-7
Since bats shelter in roosts during their period of diurnal inactivity, the quality and availability of roosts are important aspects of their ecology. Karst areas have great potential for the availability of day roosts, since they form caves, which serve as bat shelters. Here we characterize the caves used by bats in a preserved karst area of Southeastern Brazil. Using logistic regression analysis we identified the cave characteristics that influence bat occupation. Sixty-six caves were characterized based on measurements of internal height and width, height and width of the entrance(s) of the cave, number of entrances, maximum horizontal development of cave, and internal temperature and humidity. In nineteen months we found 14 species in 32 caves. Most species were eventually recorded in multiple caves, with the exception of D. rotundus, G. soricina and A. planirostris, which were always found in the same caves. Desmodus rotundus showed maternity roost fidelity. We found no differences in microclimate between the caves that are occupied and those that are not. In other words, the microclimate of the caves studied herein can be characterized as stable over the years. The only predictor affecting the presence of bats in the study area was the cave’s maximum horizontal development: the caves that are occupied have greater horizontal development. Based on our results, we conclude that bats occupy many of the caves and that some species are more frequent in certain caves than in others, including some roosts that are used as maternity roosts. These findings indicate that these caves are important resources for the bats in the karst environment studied, and should be preserved.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13732
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13732
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13732/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13732/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13728
2017-06-09
zoologia
Historical knowledge, richness and relative representativeness of the avifauna of the largest native urban rainforest in the world
Tonetti,Vinicius Rodrigues
Rego,Marco A.
De Luca,André C.
Develey,Pedro F.
Schunck,Fábio
Silveira,Luis Fabio
Atlantic Forest
bird conservation
hierarchical cluster analysis
principal coordinate analysis
Serra da Cantareira.
Zoologia 34: 1-18
Stretching for more than 10,000 ha in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, Serra da Cantareira comprises the largest native urban rainforest in the World, harboring a rich and diverse Atlantic Forest avifauna. Despite its closeness to major urban areas, few bird surveys have been conducted there. In this article we present an updated compilation of all bird species recorded for Serra da Cantareira, including personal records from the authors. A total of 326 species have been recorded for Serra da Cantareira since 1901; of these, nine have not been sighted there for the last two decades. The number of bird species endemic to the Atlantic Forest is high (80), and seven of its species are globally threatened. According to multivariate analyses the species diversity at Serra da Cantareira is similar to other regions of the Atlantic Forest, such as Carlos Botelho and Intervales state parks, where the vegetation is also ombrophilous dense forest. We discuss local changes in the avifaunal composition over the last decades and suggest the incorporation of large forest remnants to the Cantareira State Park to mitigate the impact of the northern section of Rodoanel Mário Covas, a highway (SP-21) that will soon be operational and will negatively impact the biodiversity of Serra da Cantareira.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13728
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13728
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13728/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13728/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e13731
2017-06-13
zoologia
Description of ten additional ossicles in the foregut of the freshwater crabs Sylviocarcinus pictus and Valdivia serrata (Decapoda: Trichodactylidae)
Lima-Gomes,Renata C.
de Farias Lima,Jô
Magalhães,Célio
Amazon
anatomy
foregut
morphology
Neotropical
stomach
Valdiviini
Zoologia 34: 1-7
The morphology of stomach ossicles of decapod crustaceans provides valuable information on their phylogeny and biology. We herein described ten new ossicles in the foreguts of two trichodactylid crabs, Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) and Valdivia serrata White, 1847, in addition to previously described 38 ossicles, which are also recognized and listed. Five specimens each of S. pictus and V. serrata were selected for morphological analysis of gastric ossicles. The stomachs were obtained after removing the carapace, and they were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours. After this procedure, the stomachs were immersed in a solution of 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and heated to 100 °C during 60 minutes for tissue maceration. At this point, the clean skeletons were colored by adding 1% Alizarin Red to the KOH solution in order to facilitate visualization of the internal structures such as the setae and ossicles. The ten new ossicles are: dorsomedial cardiac plate; dorsolateral cardiac plate; suprapectineal lateral ossicle; inferior cardiac valve; lateral mesopyloric ossicle; ampullary roof-medium portion ossicle; process of the ampullary roof-upper portion; lateral-inferior post-ampullary plate; pleuro-pyloric valve’s ossicle; and lateral pleuro-pyloric plate. Some ossicles are thin plates that together with the main ossicles assist in the structure and support of the stomach, which are similar in the two species studied herein. The current knowledge on gastric ossicles will be useful in establishing taxonomic characters, which can evaluate phylogenetic relationships among brachyuran crabs.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e13731
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e13731
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13731/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13731/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e14881
2017-07-28
zoologia
Morphological and genetic diversity in Callithrix hybrids in an anthropogenic area in southeastern Brazil (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae)
Cezar,Adrielle M.
Pessoa,Leila
Bonvicino,Cibele Rodrigues
Atlantic forest
introduced species
marmosets
morphometry
phylogeny
Zoologia 34: 1-9
Two species of Callithrix, C. jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812), are considered invasive in Rio de Janeiro. This study determined the genetic and morphological diversity and verified the species involved in the hybridization of 10 individuals from the municipalities of Silva Jardim (N = 9) and Rio das Ostras (N = 1). We compared the external morphology and skull of C. jacchus (N = 15) and C. penicillata (N = 14) specimens deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MN- UFRJ). Phylogenetic (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) and phylogeographical analyses (network analysis) were performed based on cytochrome b sequences. These analyses included hybrids from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (N = 3), C. penicillata (N = 2), C. jacchus (N = 2), C. geoffroyi (N = 2), C. kuhlii (N = 2), C. aurita (N = 1), and as outgroups, Mico emiliae (N = 1) and Saguinus mystax (N = 1). The pelage and skull characters of most hybrids were more closely related to C. jacchus. Skull morphometric analysis revealed an intermediate state for the hybrids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a high similarity between the hybrids and C. penicillata. Six haplotypes of hybrids were identified. Network analysis including them and C. penicillata recovered the topology generated by phylogenetic analysis. The results corroborate that C. jacchus and C. penicillata participate in the hybridization process. There was no geographic structure between hybrids from the coastal lowlands and from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e14881
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e14881
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14881/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14881/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e14882
2017-08-08
zoologia
Temporal differences in breeding site use between tits and mice
Suzuki,Kei K.
Yoshida,Tomoya
Yamane,Yutaka
Shimamoto,Tatsuki
Furukawa,Ryuji G.
Yanagawa,Hisashi
Bird-mammal interaction
breeding ecology
competition
reproduction strategy
tree cavities
Zoologia 34: 1-3
Describing the interactions among cavity breeders is key to understanding their breeding ecology. In this study the temporal difference in cavity use between the great tit, Parus major (Linnaeus, 1758) and the small Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus (Temminck, 1845) is investigated, as a first step for clarifying the interaction between bird and mammal cavity breeders. Forty-seven nest boxes were installed on tree trunks in two urban forests of Hokkaido Island, Japan, and the breeding nests of tits and mice were found in 34 and 11 boxes, respectively. The tits used the nest boxes throughout the breeding season, from May to July. In contrast, mice breeding nests were found in the last half of the breeding season, from July to October. Our results showed that field mice rarely used boxes during the tits’ breeding season. This study provides important information, such as temporal differences in breeding site use between tits and mice.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Short Communication
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e14882
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e14882
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14882/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14882/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19865
2017-08-10
zoologia
The agricultural impact of pesticides on Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) ascertained by comet assay
Gonçalves,Macks W.
Gambale,Priscilla G.
Godoy,Fernanda R.
Alves,Alessandro Arruda
Rezende,Pedro H. de A.
Cruz,Aparecido D. da
Maciel,Natan Medeiros
Nomura,Fausto
Bastos,Rogério
de Marco-Jr,Paulo
Silva,Daniela de M.
Amphibians
bioindicators
exposure
genotoxicity
pesticides
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Amphibians inhabiting agricultural areas are constantly exposed to large amounts of chemicals, which reach the aquatic environment during the rainy season through runoff, drainage, and leaching. We performed a comet assay on the erythrocytes of tadpoles found in the surroundings of agricultural fields (soybean and corn crops), where there is an intense release of several kinds of pesticides in different quantities. We aimed to detect differences in the genotoxic parameters between populations collected from soybeans and cornfields, and between them and tadpoles sampled from non-agricultural areas (control group). Tadpoles collected from ponds located at soybean fields had significantly more DNA damage, followed by tadpoles collected from cornfields. In contrast, animals sampled from non-agricultural areas had the lowest incidence of DNA damage. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the parameters of the comet assay and the area of the ponds surrounding soybean. This correlation indicates a possible dilution effect in the concentration of pesticides. Finally, Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 seems to be a good bioindicator for detecting the genotoxic effects of field agricultural insecticides; therefore, we suggest that this species should be used in environmental biomonitoring studies, since it is common and abundant where it occurs.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19865
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19865
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19865/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19865/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19988
2017-08-10
zoologia
Responses of water mite assemblages (Acari) to environmental parameters at irrigated rice cultivation fields and native lakes
da Silva,Guilherme Liberato
Metzelthin,Maicon H.
Da-Costa,Tairis
Rocha,Matheus
Silva,Darliane E.
Ferla,Noeli
da Silva,Onilda S.
Coastal plain
habitat
physical and chemical variables
rice field
water mite
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Many studies have revealed that water mite communities can be affected by the physical and chemical parameters of the water. The similarity between the water ‘mite assemblages in local water bodies and in irrigated rice areas can be a way to measure the water conditions, enabling an assessment of the anthropic impact in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of water mites in lakes and irrigated rice fields in south Brazil. To accomplish that we characterized the distinctive environments using physical and chemical variables such as pH, turbidity (NTU), water temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L), in order to verify the influence of these abiotic factors on the species composition of water mite communities; and to compare water mite abundance, richness and composition among different habitats. We assessed three native lakes and four sites with irrigated rice cultivation. Our results showed, for the first time in Brazil, strong correlations between the water mite fauna and turbidity. In addition, native lakes were richer and had greater mite abundance when compared with the irrigated rice areas.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19988
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19988
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19988/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19988/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19990
2017-08-10
zoologia
A new species of Lelegeis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperini) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
Aloquio,Sergio
Lopes-Andrade,Cristiano
Darkling beetle
Diaperinae
host fungi
Southeast Brazil
Zoologia 34: 1-5
Lelegeis Champion, 1886 occurs only in the Neotropical region and comprises four species: L. aeneipennis Champion, 1886 from Mexico; L. apicalis Laporte & Brullé, 1831 from Cuba; L. hispaniolae Triplehorn, 1962 from Haiti and the Dominican Republic; and L. nigrifrons (Chevrolat, 1878) occurring in Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Here, Lelegeis pytanga sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, and the first detailed description of the sclerites of the male and female terminalia of Lelegeis is produced. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other Lelegeis by its dull reddish brown to reddish orange elytral coloration, while the remaining body surface is dull black. The morphology of Lelegeis and its generic boundaries within Diaperinae are discussed.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19990
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19990
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19990/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19990/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19986
2017-08-11
zoologia
Two new Brazilian species of Chelodesmidae of the genera Iguazus and Tessarithys (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)
Bouzan,Rodrigo
Pena-Barbosa,João Paulo P.
Brescovit,Antonio Domingos
Brazil
Chelodesminae
millipedes
Neotropical
taxonomy
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Two new species of Chelodesmidae from the Brazilian northeast are described, Iguazus robustus sp. nov., from the state of Paraíba, and Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov., from the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe. Iguazus robustus sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by having a constriction in the zone of the gonopodal acropodite tip and an extra branch at the tip of the acropodite. Tessarithys exacuminatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the large and ascending subterminal dorsal branch of the prefemoral process of the gonopod. Brief reviews of the taxonomy, geographic distribution and a key for males of the respective genera are provided.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19986
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19986
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19986/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19986/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19987
2017-08-15
zoologia
Does urbanization have positive or negative effects on Crab spider (Araneae: Thomisidae) diversity?
Argañaraz,Carina
Gleiser,Raquel M.
Arachnid
biodiversity
city
richness
turn-over
urbanization.
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Urbanization has a great impact on the diversity of living organisms. Spiders, for example, have been shown to respond negatively (some orb weaving species) and positively (ground dwelling species) to urbanization. The effects of urbanization on crab spiders (Thomisidae) (sit-and-wait predators that generally ambush their prey on flowers and leaves) are not sufficiently known. This paper describes the Thomisidae community that inhabits green patches in a temperate Neotropical city, Cordoba, Argentina, and its surroundings, and ascertains whether there are differences in species richness, abundance and composition between urban and exurban sites. Samples were collected from 30 sites during the summer and spring of 2013 and 2014, using the garden-vacuum method. We compared the abundance, richness and composition of Thomisidae among three habitat categories (urban, suburban and external). Seven species in three genera, Misumenops, Wechselia and Tmarus, were detected. Misumenops was the most abundant genus in Córdoba, and Tmarus elongates Mello-Leitão, 1929 was collected in Argentina for the first time. The abundance, richness and composition of thomisid spiders did not differ between habitat categories, indicating that urbanization does not have a negative effect on the communities of these spiders in open green spaces. Site variability, on the other hand, does, suggesting that local factors may be more relevant than broad-scale factors to explain community patterns in this family.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19987
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19987
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19987/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19987/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19989
2017-08-15
zoologia
Reproductive aspects of the Purple-throated Euphonia, Euphonia chlorotica (Aves: Fringillidae) in southeastern Brazil, and first record of the species nesting inside a vespiary
Fernandes Perrella,Daniel
Davanço,Paulo V.
Oliveira,Leonardo S.
Sousa,Livia M.S.
Francisco,Mercival
Birds
breeding biology
nesting behavior
Euphoniinae
wasps
Zoologia 34: 1-7
Despite the fact that E. chlorotica (Linnaeus, 1766) is common and widely distributed in South America, the reproductive aspects of the species are poorly documented. Here we present data on 18 active nests found from August to February, between 2007 and 2012. Nests were globular with a lateral entrance, and measured 97.9 ± 14.4 mm in outside height, 110.6 ± 11.6 mm in outside diameter, and were 4.88 ± 2.09 m above ground. They were often supported from bellow and were composed mainly of tiny dry leafs and leaflets, fine petioles, and plumed seeds, all compacted with spider web silk. Eggs were laid on consecutive days or with one day interval, and clutch size varied from 1–3 eggs (2.1 ± 0.6, n = 9 nests). Only females incubated the eggs, but both sexes were involved in nest construction and nestling attendance at similar rates. Incubation and nestling periods were 14 and 21 days, respectively, and overall nest survival probability was 5%. A vespiary used for nesting was not occupied by wasps and nest material was deposited only to form the incubatory chamber. Although nesting near wasps or bees is a widespread strategy among birds in general, nesting inside the nests of social insects is a poorly documented behavior.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19989
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19989
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19989/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19989/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19864
2017-08-22
zoologia
Taxonomic identification using geometric morphometric approach and limited data: an example using the upper molars of two sympatric species of Calomys (Cricetidae: Rodentia)
Lima Boroni,Natália
Lobo,Leonardo Souza
Romano,Pedro Seyferth R.
Lessa,Gisele
Landmarks
morphology
owl pellets
Sigmodontinae
taxonomy
Zoologia 34: 1-11
The taxonomic identification of micromammals might be complicated when the study material is fragmented, as it is the case with pellets and fossil material. On the other hand, tooth morphology generally provides accurate information for species identification. Teeth preserve notably well, retaining their original morphology, unlike skulls and mandibles, which can get crushed or have missing parts. Here, we explored a geometric morphometrics approach (GM) to identify fragmented specimens of two sympatric Calomys Waterhouse, 1837 species – Calomys tener (Winge, 1888) and Calomys expulsus (Lund, 1841) – using the morphology of intact molars as the basis for identification. Furthermore, we included some specimens of uncertain taxonomic identification to test their affinities and the utility of the shape of the molar to identify incomplete specimens. We evaluated the variations in the shape of the first upper molar (M1) among 46 owl pellets specimens of Calomys, including C. expulsus (n = 15), C. tener (n = 15), and unidentified specimens treated as Calomys sp. (n = 16) through GM analysis using 17 landmarks. The data was explored using PCA, PERMANOVA, and Discriminant analyses over the Procrustes residuals matrix were applied to evaluate inter- and intraspecific shape differences. Also, we evaluated whether allometric shape differences could impact the data, but found no evidence of a correlation between size and shape. Our results support that shape differences in the M1 are effective for discriminating between C. tener and C. expulsus. Moreover, the unidentified specimens do not represent a third shape but could be identified with confidence either as C. tener or C. expulsus. Our results show that even with fragmentary materials, GM is a feasible and useful tool for exploring inter-specific shape differences and assisting in taxonomic identification as a complement to traditional qualitative description of diagnostic features in poorly preserved specimens.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19864
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19864
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19864/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19864/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19985
2017-08-22
zoologia
The trophic niche of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines: Chelidae): evidence from stable isotopes
Marques,Thiago S.
Brito,Elizângela S.
Lara,Neliton R.F.
Beloto,Luciana M.
Valadão,Rafael M.
de Camargo,Plínio B.
Verdade,Luciano M.
Anthropic environment
freshwater turtle
isotopic niche
sexual niche
Zoologia 34: 1-6
Ecological niche is the multidimensional space comprising the resources used by an organism. Intraspecific variation in resource exploitation is common in reptile populations to maximize coexistence of individuals. The use of stable isotope analysis is an effective tool when there are variations in resource exploitation, since it can provide quantitative information about food consumption and habitat use. Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973) is a medium-sized turtle with a limited distribution in south central Brazil and Paraguay. In spite of that, little is known about its ecology. In this study we used stable isotope analysis to understand the intraspecific trophic niche variation in M. vanderhaegei at Serra das Araras Ecological Station, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The isotopic ratios of δ15N and δ13C were determined in claw samples collected from 14 males and 14 females. Isotopic niche width values were not statistically different between the sexes, there was a high degree of overlap between sexual niches and there were no relationships between isotopic compositions and body size. These results suggest that individuals of both sexes and throughout their ontogenetic development exploit food resources with the same isotopic baseline.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Short Communication
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19985
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19985
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19985/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19985/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20477
2017-09-01
zoologia
Ecological and reproductive aspects of Aparasphenodon brunoi (Anura: Hylidae) in an ombrophilous forest area of the Atlantic Rainforest Biome, Brazil
Gomez-mesa,Laura
Pereira-Ribeiro,Juliane
Colombo Ferreguetti,Átilla
Almeida-Santos,Marlon
Bergallo,Helena G.
Rocha,Carlos Frederico
Casque-headed frog
ecological aspects
ecology
habitat use
Zoologia 34: 1-8
Presented is the first information on the ecological and reproductive aspects of the treefrog, Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, living in ombrophilous forest areas of the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. We recorded the species’ daily activity and over the course of a year, population density during the year, microhabitat usage, diet, and some reproductive features (quantity, diameter and mean mass of oocytes, mean reproductive effort of female). Field sampling was conducted monthly from June 2015 to July 2016. Searches for treefrogs were systematic, using visual encounter surveys along 14 plots RAPELD long term research modules established in the forest. For each captured individual, we recorded the hour, microhabitat used, and perch height. The diet of the population was ascertained based on 15 individuals collected outside the study plot areas. Treefrogs used seven different types of microhabitats in the forest but the preferred microhabitats were tree-trunks and lianas. The amount of accumulated rainfall and air temperature interacted to explain the number of A. brunoi individuals active throughout the year. The reproductive strategy for females of this comparatively large arboreal frog in the ombrophilous forest is to produce clutches with a large number (900.8 ± 358.1) of relatively small-sized eggs. We conclude that in the ombrophious forest of the Vale Natural Reserve, A. brunoi is a nocturnal arboreal treefrog active throughout the year but activity increases during the wet season as a result of increased precipitation. In the forest, treefrogs tend to perch mainly on tree-trunks and lianas about 1 m above ground, where it feeds preferably on relatively large bodied arthropod prey. When living in the ombrophilous forest of the Atlantic rainforest, A. brunoi may change some features of its ecology (e.g. marked difference in the use of bromeliads) compared to when living in restinga habitats.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20477
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20477
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20477/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20477/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e19866
2017-09-01
zoologia
Review of Coeliaria (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chnoodini)
Churata,Julissa
Almeida,Lucia
Coccinellinae
Neotropical Region
taxonomy
Zoologia 34: 1-11
Coeliaria Mulsant, 1850 is revised based on the external morphology and genitalia of the adults and is distinguished from the other Chnoodini by the following characters: dorsal surface pubescent; antenna 11-segmented; hypomera with rounded fovea; tibia flat and angulated; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, recurved and with oblique line. A new species, Coeliaria castanea sp. nov., from Brazil, and two new combinations, are proposed: Coeliaria bernardinensis comb. nov. and C. luteicornis comb. nov., expanding the distribution of the genus to Bolivia and Paraguay.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e19866
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19866
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19866/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/19866/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20173
2017-09-01
zoologia
Oxygen consumption remains stable while ammonia excretion is reduced upon short time exposure to high salinity in Macrobrachium acanthurus (Caridae: Palaemonidae), a recent freshwater colonizer
Arruda Freire,Carolina
Rios,Leonardo de P.
Giareta,Eloísa P.
Castellano,Giovanna C.
Ammonia
lactate
osmoregulation
palaemonidae
Zoologia 34: 1-9
Palaemonid shrimps occur in the tropical and temperate regions of South America and the Indo-Pacific, in brackish/freshwater habitats, and marine coastal areas. They form a clade that recently (i.e., ~30 mya) invaded freshwater, and one included genus, Macrobrachium Bate, 1868, is especially successful in limnic habitats. Adult Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) dwell in coastal freshwaters, have diadromous habit, and need brackish water to develop. Thus, they are widely recognized as euryhaline. Here we test how this species responds to a short-term exposure to increased salinity. We hypothesized that abrupt exposure to high salinity would result in reduced gill ventilation/perfusion and decreased oxygen consumption. Shrimps were subjected to control (0 psu) and experimental salinities (10, 20, 30 psu), for four and eight hours (n = 8 in each group). The water in the experimental containers was saturated with oxygen before the beginning of the experiment; aeration was interrupted before placing the shrimp in the experimental container. Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia concentration, and pH were measured from the aquaria water, at the start and end of each experiment. After exposure, the shrimp’s hemolymph was sampled for lactate and osmolality assays. Muscle tissue was sampled for hydration content (Muscle Water Content, MWC). Oxygen consumption was not reduced and hemolymph lactate did not increase with increased salinity. The pH of the water decreased with time, under all conditions. Ammonia excretion decreased with increased salinity. Hemolymph osmolality and MWC remained stable at 10 and 20 psu, but osmolality increased (~50%) and MWC decreased (~4%) at 30 psu. The expected reduction in oxygen consumption was not observed. This shrimp is able to tolerate significant changes in water salt concentrations for a few hours by keeping its metabolism in aerobic mode, and putatively shutting down branchial salt uptake to avoid massive salt load, thus remaining strongly hyposmotic. Aerobic metabolism may be involved in the maintainance of cell volume, concomitant with reduced protein/aminoacid catabolism upon increase in salinity. More studies should be conducted to broaden our knowledge on palaemonid hyporegulation.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20173
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20173
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20173/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20173/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20475
2017-09-07
zoologia
Age structure and growth of the rough scad, Trachurus lathami (Teleostei: Carangidae), in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight
Ruas,Lygia C.
Vaz-dos-Santos,André M.
ECOSAR
otolith
sclerochronology
von Bertalanffy
Zoologia 34: 1-11
The rough scad, Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920, is a small pelagic species distributed along the West Atlantic coast. It is most abundant in the Southern Brazil (28°30’–34°S) and in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight (SEBB, 22°–28°30’S). The rough scad is fished by purse seines, which main target is the Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879). Age and growth are vital to understand the life cycle of a species, to fishery management and ecosystem modeling. This study aimed to assess the age and growth of T. lathami, to identify its age structure in the SEBB, and to evaluate what causes the wide differences among Trachurus species in terms of body size and growth parameters. Data available on T. lathami was attained between 2008 and 2010 from surveys at SEBB. A total of 278 whole otoliths of T. lathami, total length between 27 mm and 208 mm, were analyzed and compared with the only other source of otolith data, from 1975. Three blind readings were performed and assessed using traditional methods to study fish age and growth. Zero up to eight rings were found, each ring corresponding to one year in the life of an individual of this species. The von Bertalanffy growth model parameters were L∞ = 211.90 mm and K = 0.319 year-1. The results of the analyses have shown similarities between 1975 and 2008-2010, indicating that the otolith development, the growth pattern and the age structure remained stable. T. lathami is the smallest species of Trachurus and it has the highest growth rates among them. This is probably related to the different temperatures where larvae/juvenile and adult grow, to the absence of a strong fishing pressure and to decadal population variability.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20475
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20475
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20475/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20475/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20476
2017-09-11
zoologia
Redescription of Malacomorpha cancellata (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae): a geographically misplaced Neotropical species
Heleodoro,Raphael Aquino
Andreazze,Ricardo
Rafael,José Albertino
Entomology
Neotropics
phasmids
taxonomy
Zoologia 34: 1-10
Olcyphides cancellatus Redtenbacher, 1906 was described from Canton, China, in error. The species was transferred to Pseudolcyphides Karny, 1923, a genus that later on was synonymized with Malacomorpha Rehn, 1906. However, the name P. cancellatus was forgotten and was not mentioned in the publication where Pseudolcyphides was synonymized with Malacomorpha and thus was not transferred. Here the original geographical record is corrected and the species is transferred to Malacomorpha. The resulting new combination, M. cancellata comb. nov., resulted from examination of specimens from state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In addition, species diagnosis, redescription of the female and the first description of male specimens, with comparative comments on other Malacomorpha species, are provided.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20476
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20476
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20476/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20476/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20174
2017-09-18
zoologia
Astyanax taurorum a new species from dos Touros River, Pelotas River drainage, an upland southern Brazilian river (Characiformes: Characidae)
Lucena,Carlos
Zaluski,Amanda Bungi
Lucena,Zilda Margarete Seixes
Taxonomy
Rio Grande do Sul
Uruguay River
distribution
Zoologia 34: 1-8
A new species of Astyanax belonging to the Astyanax scabripinnis complex is described from dos Touros River, tributary of the Pelotas River, Uruguay River basin. Astyanax taurorum sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex by having two humeral spots, the first vertically elongated; teeth of inner row of premaxilla with three to five cusps; 2–3 (modes 2 or 3) maxillary teeth; 20–23 (mode 22) branched anal-fin rays; 13–15 (mode 14) gill rakers on lower branch of the first branchial arch; 20–23 (mode 21) total gill rakers in first branchial arch; 33–36 (mode 35) perforated lateral line scales. Astyanax taurorum sp. nov. is similar to Astyanax paris; nevertheless, it can be readily distinguished from it by having a smaller head depth (73.6-83.1% vs. 86.4–95.6%) and smaller interorbital width (24.1–28.0% vs. 30.8–32.8%). In addition, it differs from A. paris by the presence a posttemporal hook-shaped posterodorsal margin.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20174
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20174
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20174/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20174/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20176
2017-09-18
zoologia
Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)
da Silva,Henrique Alencar Meira
Silva-Soares,Thiago
de Brito-Gitirana,Lycia
Brazilian Atlantic forest
histochemistry
hylids
treefrog
Zoologia 34: 1-17
The integuments of ten treefrog species of two genera from Scinaxnae – O. angrensis (Lutz, 1973), O. flavoguttata (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. humilis (Lutz & Lutz, 1954), O. perpusilla (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. v-signata (Lutz, 1968), Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909), S. similis (Cochran, 1952), O. trapicheroi (Lutz & Lutz, 1954) and S. x-signatus (Spix, 1824) – were investigated using conventional and histochemical techniques of light microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. All integuments showed the basic structure of the anuran integument. Moreover, the secretory portions of exocrine glands, such as serous merocrine and apocrine glands, were found to be restricted to the spongious dermis. Lipid content occurred together with the heterogeneous secretory material of the glands with an apocrine secretion mechanism. In addition, clusters of these apocrine glands were present in the ventrolateral integument of some species. Melanophores were also visualized in all examined hylids. However, the occurrence of iridophores, detected through polarized light microscopy, varied according to the species. The Eberth-Katschenko layer occurred in the dorsal integument from both genera, but it was only present in the ventral integument of O. albicans, O. angrensis, O. flavoguttata, O. perpusilla and O. v-signata. Although the integument of all treefrogs showed the same basic structure, some characteristics were genus-specific; however, these features alone may not be used to distinguish both genera.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20176
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20176
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20176/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20176/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20784
2017-10-02
zoologia
Ommatius: synonyms, new record, redescription of Ommatius erythropus and description of the female of Ommatius trifidus (Diptera: Asilidae: Ommatiinae)
Lima,Sheila
Vieira,Rodrigo
Camargo,Alexssandro
Chagas,Cínthia
Brachycera
costatus group
Neotropical
normus group
Zoologia 34: 1-11
Ommatius erythropus Schiner, 1867 is redescribed and a lectotype is established. The female of Ommatius trifidus Vieira, Bravo & Rafael, 2010 is described and a new record is provided. Ommatius ruficaudus Curran, 1928 is established as a new synonym of Ommatius pulcher (Engel, 1885). An identification key is presented to the Ommatius costatus species group. A map with the geographic records is provided.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20784
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20784
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20784/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20784/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20783
2017-10-02
zoologia
The breeding biology, nest success, habitat and behavior of the endangered Saffron-cowled Blackbird, Xanthopsar flavus (Aves: Icteridae), at an Important Bird Area (IBA) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
da Silva Mohr,Luciane R.
Périco,Eduardo
da Silva Fonseca,Vanda S.
Mohr,Alexsandro R.
Conservation
habitat degradation
natural history
vulnerable species
Zoologia 34: 1-10
The Saffron-cowled Blackbird, Xanthopsar flavus (Gmelin, 1788), is a globally vulnerable icterid endemic to grasslands and open areas, and a priority species for research and conservation programs. This contribution provides information on the population size, habitat, behavior, breeding biology and nest success of X. flavus in two conservation units (CUs) in Viamão, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the Environmental Protection Area Banhado Grande, and the Wildlife Refuge Banhado dos Pachecos, classified as an “Important Bird Area”. Searches for X. flavus were carried out mainly in open areas, the type of habitat favored by the species. Outside the breeding season individual behavior was recorded by the ad libitum method; during the breeding season, selected X. flavus pairs were observed following the sequence sampling method. The research areas were visited once a month, totaling approximately 530 hours of observations (September 2014 to June 2016) over 84 days, which included two breeding seasons. The species was observed across all months (not necessarily within the same year) and several X. flavus flocks were encountered, some with more than one hundred individuals (range = 2-137). Additionally, the behavior and feeding aspects, habitat use and breeding information on X. flavus were recorded. Two breeding colonies were found, and eleven nests were monitored. The estimated nesting success was 10% in Colony 1, but zero in Colony 2, where all eggs and nestlings were predated. Saffron-cowled Blackbirds were recorded in mixed flocks, mostly with Pseudoleistes guirahuro (Vieillot, 1819), P. virescens (Vieillot, 1819) and Xolmis dominicanus (Vieillot, 1823), the last also a globally endangered species. The collected information highlights the importance of CUs for the maintenance of X. flavus populations in the region. Maintenance of proper areas for feeding and breeding is necessary and urgent. Information from current research is being employed in the management plan of the Wildlife Refuge Banhado dos Pachecos in which X. flavus is one of the conservation target-species.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20783
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20783
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20783/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20783/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20782
2017-10-04
zoologia
Influence of rainfall and temperature on the spermatogenesis of Leptodactylus macrosternum (Anura: Leptodactylidae)
Chaves,Marcio Frazão
de Moura,Geraldo Jorge Barbosa
Tenório,Fernanda das C.M.A.
da Silva Baptista,Josemberg
Lapa Neto,Clovis J.C.
Texeira,Valeria W.
Texeira,Álvaro A.C.
Anuran
semi-arid
spermatids
spermatozoa
Zoologia 34: 1-7
In the semi-arid environment, the reproductive success of anurans depends on adaptations in their life cycle, which synchronizes with ideal environmental conditions to maximize the number of offspring. In this study changes in the histological and morphometric aspects of the testes of Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 are characterized, to evaluate the influence of rainfall and temperature on them. Specimens were collected at Horto Florestal Olho d’Água da Bica – HFOB (06°49’20”S, 36°15’85”W) area, municipality of Cuité, state of Paraíba, Brazil. Search for specimens was active, happened at night, and amounted to 15 days from January to December 2013. The densities of spermatids (primary and secondary), sperm and area of the seminiferous locules of the testes were registered. The influence of climate variables (rainfall and temperature) on the density of primary and secondary spermatids, sperm and locular area were verified using Simple Linear Regression. Primary spermatids had the lowest density in July (57.90 ± 51.54 mm2), with a peak in November (300.32 ± 117.35 mm2); secondary spermatids had the lowest density in December (287.87 ± 79.05 mm2), with a peak in May (135,727.00 ± 301.13 mm2); sperm was in the lowest density in July (237.37 ± 121.10 mm2), with a peak in June (2,270.45 ± 602.62 mm2) and the locular area had the lowest density in December (40,292.9 ± 8,174.20 µm2) and highest density in June (338,875.01 ± 2,262.10 µm2). A notable decrease in sperm density was evident between June and July. That, associated with the observation of a larger locular area in June, allowed us to identify as June as the peak of spermatogenesis and the following month as the most potentially reproductive. The density of secondary spermatids(r = 0.02), sperm (r = 0.21) and locular area (r = 0.01) showed dependency on rainfall whereas only sperm (r = 0.09) showed dependency on temperature. Therefore, we can state that the reproductive cycle of L. macrosternum is potentially continuous, with a reproductive peak in July.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20782
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20782
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20782/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20782/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e20785
2017-10-12
zoologia
Population ecology of Chaetophractus vellerosus: the first report for an armadillo in South America
Abba,Agustin M.
Benitez,Veronica V.
Doyle,Santiago R.
Argentina
capture probability
CMR
screaming hairy armadillo
survival rates
Zoologia 34: 1-7
The aim of this work was to obtain the first estimates of survival rates (S), capture probability (p) and life expectancy for armadillos in South America by analyzing capture-mark-recapture data obtained from a population of Chaetophractus vellerosus (Gray, 1865) located in Magdalena, Buenos Aires, Argentina. From June 2006 to June 2011, we conducted 16 field surveys that resulted in 365 capture events of 152 adult C. vellerosus. For the survival analysis we used a Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) modelling framework. Interannual variation in S made an important contribution to overall variation in the survival rate of C. vellerosus. The average life expectancy for females and males after attaining sexual maturity was estimated at 1.70 and 1.65 years respectively. The period of lowest survival probability was associated with dry seasons that might have affected the availability of food. This study provides the first estimates of demographic parameters for xenarthrans in South America.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e20785
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20785
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20785/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20785/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e22181
2017-12-18
zoologia
Variation in the distribution of Corbicula species (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) after 25 years of its introduction in the Río de la Plata, Argentina
Reshaid,Yamila
Cao,Luciana
Brea,Francisco
Blanche,María Ortiz
Torres,Santiago
Darrigran,Gustavo
Bivalves
freshwater
invasion
invertebrates
mussel
Zoologia 34: 1-6
In 1981, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) and C. largillierti (Philippi, 1844) were recorded at the Río de la Plata River. During the 1980’s, C. largillierti was found on a continuous fringe in the shore of that river, while C. fluminea was only found North of Buenos Aires’ harbor. Ten years later, C. fluminea spread to Punta Indio, while C. largillierti remained restricted to tributary streams. The density and size frequency distribution of both species were compared with previous data from samples performed in the same area in 1985–1989. The aim of this research was to determine whether the densities of both species decreased; whether C. fluminea is still more abundant than C. largillierti; and whether the size frequency distributions indicate different population structures from those observed in the end of the 1980’s. Nine localities from the river shore were sampled, and each individual was identified and measured. The size of C. fluminea varied between 2 and 39 mm, showing the highest frequency of individuals between 20 and 25 mm; furthermore the density decreased 90% in 2015/2016. No specimens of C. largillierti were found. In conclusion, the populations of Corbicula inhabiting the Río de la Plata River are retracting.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e22181
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e22181
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22181/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22181/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308
2017-12-18
zoologia
Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species
de Sousa,Viviane
Couri,Marcia
Brazilian species
leaf-mining flies
morphology
taxonomy
tropical forest.
Zoologia 34: 1-25
Phytobia Lioy, 1864 flies occur in all continents. There are four recorded species of these flies in Brazil, but recent expeditions at unexplored areas in the country have revealed that the genus is far more diverse than previously known. Based on material collected in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia (as part of the SISBIOTA Diptera Project), we describe fourteen new species of Phytobia. Additionally, we redescribe P. kallima (Frost), previously recorded only from Panama, and provide a key to the 32 resulting Neotropical species. All descriptions include details and illustrations of the male and female terminalia. The speciemens are deposited in the collections of Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12308/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12308/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e12277
2017-12-18
zoologia
Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) from the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province, an approach to their ecology and distribution
Valverde Castro,César
Buenaventura,Eliana
Sánchez-Rodríguez,Juan David
Wolff,Marta
Caribbean
Colombia
ecology
Guajira province
Sarcophaginae
Zoologia 34: 1-11
Sarcophaginae is the most diverse subfamily of Sarcophagidae with 51 genera and more than 1,800 species and it is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region. Sarcophaginae flies of forest, rural, and urban habitats of the seven departments comprising the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province were surveyed. Van Someren Rydon traps baited with fermented fruit, decomposing fish, and human feces were active for 72 hours with samples collected every 12 hours (day/night) between 2010 and 2014. A total of 14,223 sarcophagines (78% females and 22% males) were collected, which belong to 28 species of nine genera. Oxyvinia excisa (Lopes, 1950) is a new record for Colombia. The richest genera were Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 and Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, with eleven and nine species, respectively. Some of the species with the highest affinity to urban habitats were Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich, 1916), Oxysarcodexia aurata (Macquart, 1851), and Oxysarcodexia timida (Aldrich, 1916); to rural habitats were Oxysarcodexia diana (Lopes, 1933), Ravinia columbiana (Lopes, 1962), and Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861); and to forest habitats were Helicobia rapax (Walker, 1849), Oxysarcodexia avuncula (Lopes, 1933), and Oxysarcodexia major Lopes, 1946. We also discuss diet, habitat, and activity periods of the species. Species composition of Sarcophaginae in the Guajira province was very homogenous across the habitats, with the forest as the richest habitat. Scavenger habits of Sarcophaginae are confirmed, as well as their strong association with anthropic environments.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12277
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12277
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12277/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12277/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.34.e12975
2017-12-18
zoologia
Fish habitat associations along a longitudinal gradient in a preserved coastal Atlantic stream, Brazil
Lazzarini Wolff,Luciano
Segatti Hahn,Norma
Abiotic gradient
diversity
ichthyofauna
mesohabitat
multiple scales
Zoologia 34: 1-13
Habitat conditions at multiple scales are one of the major factors structuring ichthyofauna. Thus, we analyzed the fish habitat associations along the headwater-mouth gradient of a coastal Atlantic stream. We categorized the sampling sites into habitat units, so that in the middle reach these categories were statistically differentiated into riffles, runs and pools. Samplings were carried out quarterly from May 2009 to February 2010 using electrofishing. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated an environmental gradient from higher water velocity and rocky bottom to deeper and sandy areas in the headwater-mouth direction. A total of 1,495 individuals belonging to 27 species were captured, being 13, 18 and 22 from headwater, middle and mouth reaches, respectively. Shannon diversity was slightly higher in the middle reach, while beta diversity showed higher rates of addition than turnover in species along the longitudinal gradient. Fish structure, evaluated by DCA (detrended correspondence analysis) scores, showed significant differences between upper reaches and mouth reach, but the middle riffles did not differ from headwater habitats. In the middle reach, mesohabitat analysis distinguished riffles, with higher abundance of fast-water crenuchids, from pools, with a higher abundance of lentic-water characids. These results suggest that environmental differences along the stream determine the wider structural patterns. However, the middle reach amassed species from upper areas and lowlands in structured fish mesohabitat associations, possibly implying distinct local ecological interactions. These findings contribute to the assessment of stream conservation status and to recognize eventual direct impacts on fish structures along longitudinal gradients.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2017
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12975
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12975
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12975/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12975/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12906
2018-01-25
zoologia
The breeding biology and nest success of the Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona (Aves: Formicariidae) in the Atlantic rainforest of northeastern Brazil
Studer,Anita
Cardoso de Sousa,Marcelo
Barcena-Goyena,Begoña
Breeding season
breeding success
cavity-nesting
nest characteristics
Mayfield
linear model
Zoologia 35: 1-8
We present the results of a 26-year study on the breeding biology of the Short-tailed Antthrush, Chamaeza campanisona (Lichtenstein, 1823) in an Atlantic rainforest remnant of northeastern Brazil (Alagoas/Pernambuco). We followed the fate of 38 nests, of which 19 failed, 11 succeeded and 8 had an unknown fate. The presence of most nests coincided with the beginning of the rainy season in March/April but nests with eggs and/or chicks were found throughout the year, with no records only in January. Nests were placed inside natural tree cavities that result from broken branches and trunks. Both parents were engaged in feeding the chicks, their diet consisted mainly of insects, spiders, and some unidentified berries. All nests had a clutch size of two eggs. Incubation took 19 days and the mean nestling period was 20.75 days. Mayfield (1975) showed a survival rate of 31.87% and MARK 24.09%. Hotelling’s T2 revealed no differences in nest characteristics between successful and failed nests (p-value > 0.05). Linear models showed that the size of the entrance of the cavity and its height from ground are the main nest characteristics influencing the nesting success of C. campanisona.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12906
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12906
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12906/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12906/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13047
2018-02-16
zoologia
A new species of Aulacigaster from Zurquí de Moravia, a Costa Rican cloud forest (Diptera: Aulacigastridae)
Rung,Alessandra
Acalyptrate
Aulacigaster
zurqui
Central America
Neotropical Region
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-6
A new species of Aulacigaster Macquart, 1835 A. zurqui sp. nov., is described from Costa Rica. The new species, which is classified in the plesiomorphica species group following a cladistics analysis, can be separated from all congeners by having a triangular 1st flagellomere and stout body that is uniformly dark-brown to black. An expanded diagnosis of the plesiomorphica group and a modified key to the Neotropical Aulacigaster are provided to accommodate the new species.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13047
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13047
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13047/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13047/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24570
2018-03-09
zoologia
Isospora machadoae sp. nov. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidian species from white-necked thrushes Turdus albicolis (Passeriformes: Turdidae) of South America
de Pinho,Irlane F.
da Silva,Lidiane M.
Rodrigues,Mariana B.
Lopes,Bruno do B.
Oliveira,Mariana S.
Luz,Hermes R.
Ferreira,Ildemar
Lopes,Carlos Wilson G.
Berto,Bruno P.
Taxonomy
coccidia
oocysts
wild birds
Parque Nacional do Itatiaia
Zoologia 35: 1-4
A new coccidian species parasitizing white-necked thrushes Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 is described from the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, in Southeastern Brazil. Isospora machadoae sp. nov. has oocysts that are sub-spherical, 22.2 × 21.2 µm, with bilayered wall, ~1.3 μm thick. Outer layer is rough with micropyle and micropyle cap. Oocyst residuum is absent, but one or two polar granules are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 13.3 × 9.7 µm. The Stieda body is flattened to half-moon-shaped and substieda body rounded. Sporocyst residuum is present, composed of scattered spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with a refractile body and a nucleus. These parasitized thrushes had no apparent clinical signs of coccidiosis or high densities of oocysts in feces. This condition may be associated with a specific low pathogenicity of I. machadoae sp. nov. and/or with the conserved habitat of these birds, which ensures the ecological niches and thus the immunocompetence to wildlife.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24570
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24570
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24570/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24570/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24571
2018-03-09
zoologia
A new species of Cellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from northeastern Brazil, with a tabular identification key to the Atlantic species
Almeida,Ana C.S.
Souza,Facelúcia B.C.
Vieira,Leandro
Bryozoan
Cellariidae
taxonomy
Western Atlantic
Zoologia 35: 1-7
A new species of the erect cheilostome bryozoan Cellaria Ellis & Solander, 1786 is described from Bahia, NE Brazil. Cellaria oraneae sp. nov. is the first formally characterized species of the genus reported from Northeastern coast of Brazil, distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularium with sagittate foramen, completely immersed ovicell with oval aperture and proximal rectangular lip. A brief discussion of the diversity of Cellaria from the Atlantic Ocean and a tabular identification key to these species are also provided.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24571
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24571
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24571/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24571/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24572
2018-03-09
zoologia
Temperature and circadian effects on metabolic rate of South American echimyid rodents, Trinomys setosus and Clyomys bishopi (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
Fabio-Braga,Ana Paula
Klein,Wilfried
Basal metabolic rate
fossoriality
neotropical
oxygen consumption
thermoneutral zone
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the lowest level of metabolic activity capable to sustain homeostasis in an endotherm and is an important tool to compare metabolic rates of different species. Echimyidae is the most specious family within caviomorph rodents, however, little is known about the biology of its species, such as Trinomys setosus (Desmarest, 1817) and Clyomys bishopi (Ávila-Pires & Wutke, 1981), a ground and an underground dwelling echimyid, respectively. The ambient temperature and circadian effects on metabolic rate were evaluated through closed-system respirometry for these two species, as well as the circadian effects on CO2 production and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Trinomys setosus and C. bishopi showed the lowest metabolic rates (0.56 ± 0.02 mLO2.h-1.g-1 and 0.53 ± 0.03 mLO2.h-1.g-1, respectively) at 32 °C and during the light phase. Under laboratory conditions, T. setosus showed metabolic rate variation compatible with nocturnal activity, whereas C. bishopi activity cycle remains unclear. Both species showed BMR lower than expected by allometric regressions for rodents.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24572
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24572
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24572/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24572/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24573
2018-03-09
zoologia
Ypsilothuria bitentaculata bitentaculata (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic, with comments on its morphology
Martins,Luciana
Tavares,Marcos
Sea cucumber
Dendrochirotida
Ypsilothuriidae
Brazil
deep-sea
REVIZEE
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Ypsilothuria bitentaculata bitentaculata (Ludwig, 1893), previously known from several localities in the Pacific Ocean, is recorded herein for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on eight specimens caught off the coast of southeastern Brazil, between 505–511 m deep. Several morphological details are added to the description of Y. b. bitentaculata, including photographs of specimens and calcareous ring plates, as well as scanning electron microscope images of the ossicles from the body wall, oral and anal siphons and introvert. Additionally, Y. b. bitentaculata is compared to its congeners.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24573
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24573
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24573/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24573/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24574
2018-03-09
zoologia
Thermal biology of Amphisbaena munoai (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)
Rocha Matias,Nathalia
Verrastro,Laura
Amphisbaenians
microhabitat
seasonal
thermoregulation
Zoologia 35: 1-9
Studies on the thermal biology of fossorial reptiles that examine the relationship between the body temperature and thermal environment are needed to determine the extent of their thermoregulation abilities. This study assessed the thermal biology of Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 in the rocky fields of the Rio Grande do Sul and in the laboratory. The body temperature of most individuals was between 24 and 30 °C, both in the field (n = 81) and laboratory (n = 19). More individuals were caught in winter (n = 55) and spring (n = 60) than in summer (n = 25) and fall (n = 45), and in spring, individuals showed similar nocturnal and diurnal activities. In the laboratory, we found individuals with body temperatures up to 5 °C higher than the ambient temperature (n = 4), suggesting that some physiological mechanisms participate in the thermoregulation of these animals. Amphisbaena munoai is a thigmothermic species that is capable of actively regulating its temperature by selecting microhabitats such that its various activities occur within an ideal temperature range. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of seasonality and diurnal and nocturnal variations on the thermoregulation of an amphisbaenid.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24574
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24574
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24574/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24574/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24575
2018-03-09
zoologia
Body orientation for thermoregulation and daily activity cycle of Mabuya macrorhyncha (Squamata: Scincidae)
Maia-Carneiro,Thiago
Winck,Gisele R.
Pereira,Mariana Rodrigues
Rocha,Carlos Frederico
Activity period
body temperature regulation
microhabitat
thermoregulatory behavior
Zoologia 35: 1-5
We investigated the daily activity and thermoregulatory body orientation of Mabuya macrorhyncha (Hoge, 1947), a lizard species that occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We conducted this investigation in a sandy coastal dune remnant (“restinga” ecosystem) in Grussaí, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the summer. The daily activity cycle of the lizards started around 6:00 am and ended before 7:00 pm. This is longer than observed in other populations of M. macrorhyncha (approximately 7:00 am to 5:00 pm). The activity cycle of the lizards was bimodal, with the first peak between 6:00 and 11:00 am and the second from 2:00 to 7:00 pm. This contrasts with observations on other populations of this species, which revealed an unimodal pattern. The mean body temperature of M. macrorhyncha in Grussaí was 34.2 ± 1.5 °C, which was comparatively higher than observed in other populations of the species. The differences in the daily activity and of body temperature of these lizards between our study and previous studies on this species may reflect environmental thermal conditions. The mean air and mean substrate temperatures when individuals were active were 27.8 and 30.5 °C respectively. Lizard orientation was significantly correlated with the direction of the solar incidence, suggesting that solar radiation, and particularly behavioral adjustments that maximize exposure to the sun, are important for the thermoregulation of M. macrorhyncha. Circular structures at the site, such as bromeliads, offer microhabitats with different orientations to the sunlight, favoring lizard thermoregulatory behaviors.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24575
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24575
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24575/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24575/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12898
2018-03-09
zoologia
What are the main local drivers determining richness and fishery yields in tropical coastal fish assemblages?
Souza,Cynthia Diniz
Batista,Vandick S.
Fabré,Nidia Noemi
artisanal fishing
fishes
wind
precipitation
seasonality
gillnet.
Zoologia 35: 1-12
Seasonal ecological effects caused by temperature and photoperiod are typically considered minimal in the tropics. Nevertheless, annual climate cycles may still influence the distribution and abundance of tropical species. Here, we investigate whether seasonal patterns of precipitation and wind speed influence the structure of coastal fish assemblages and fishing yields in northeast Brazil. Research trips were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons using commercial boats and gear to sample the fish community. Diversity was analyzed using abundance Whittaker curves, diversity profiles and the Shannon index. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze associations between the abundance of species and various environmental variables related to seasonality. A total of 2,373 fish were collected, representing 73 species from 34 families – 20 of which were classified as both frequent and abundant. Species richness was greater and more equitable during the rainy season than the dry season – driven by changes in the precipitation rather than to wind speed. Species diversity profiles were slightly greater during the rainy season than the dry season, but this difference was not statistically significant. Using PCA was identified three groups of species: the first associated with wind speed, the second with precipitation, and the third with a wide range of sampling environments. This latter group was the largest and most ecologically heterogeneous. We conclude that tropical coastal fish assemblages are largely influenced by local variables, and seasonally mediated by annual changes related to precipitation intensity and wind speed, which in turn influences fishery yields.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12898
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12898
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12898/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12898/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24569
2018-03-14
zoologia
Breeding biology of Tyrannus melancholicus (Aves: Tyrannidae) in a restinga reserve of southeastern Brazil
Daros,Hermes
Dutra,William Barbosa
Duca,Charles
Atlantic Forest
breeding season
clutch size
life history
Tropical Kingbird
Zoologia 35: 1-10
Existing knowledge of the breeding success and life history characteristics of most Neotropical bird species is scarce. Here, we help fill this gap by analyzing aspects of the breeding biology of the Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus (Vieillot, 1819), which is a good model for this kind of study as it is a common species occurring in various environments, including urban areas, but little is known about its life history. We provide results concerning the breeding period, clutch size, incubation and nestling periods, description of nests, eggs and nestlings, and the plants used for nest sites by this species. Fifty-four nests were monitored over two seasons (2012–2014) in a protected area in southeastern Brazil. Nesting began at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season. The frequency of active nests varied according to variations in rainfall for each breeding season analyzed. The means and standard deviations of the incubation period (14.2 ± 1.9 days), nestling period (15.1 ± 0.8 days) and clutch size (2.5 ± 0.7 eggs) were similar to values reported for other Neotropical passerines. Twenty-one plant species used as nest trees and for the construction of the nests were identified. The results show that T. melancholicus is not highly selective when choosing plant species used for nest construction.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24569
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24569
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24569/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24569/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e21577
2018-03-14
zoologia
Proposal of Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) for T. iheringi comb. nov. from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae: Characiformes) from Brazil
Marques,Taísa
Boeger,Walter
Copepoda
Ergasilidae
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 is the type and the most speciose genus of Ergasilidae, with more than 150 valid species. The first species of this genus, Ergasilus iheringi Tidd, 1942, was described from the Neotropical Region, from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Since then, 35 new species of Ergasilidae have been described from the Neotropics. However, a reanalysis of the available type specimens of E. iheringi revealed features that suggest that it represents a lineage independent from Ergasilus. Consequently, we propose Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) to accommodate T. iheringi (Tidd, 1942) comb. nov. The species was re-examined and redescribed based on available type specimens. Tiddergasilus gen. nov. is characterized by species with exopod of leg 4 2-segmented; antenna small and robust, with a short second segment (approximately three times shorter than the first segment), and claw with a unique morphology (short, recurved with a sub-proximal indentation in the inner margin). A phylogenetic analysis, based on a matrix of 15 taxa and 16 morphological characters in PAUP* software 4.0a152, resulted in 15 equally parsimonious trees. Based on this analysis, Tiddergasilus is closely related to a group composed of Neotropical species of Ergasilus – sharing with them antennule with 6-segments. When the highly homoplastic character “number of segments in the antennule” is removed from the analysis, Tiddergasilus forms a polytomy with the clade of genera of the former Vaigamidae, Ergasilus, and the clade Rhinergasilus+Brasergasilus+Pindapixara.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e21577
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21577
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21577/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21577/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12642
2018-03-22
zoologia
Relating flight initiation distance in birds to tropical dry forest restoration
Osorio-Beristain,Marcela
Rodríguez,Angeles
Martínez-Garza,Cristina
Alcalá,Raúl Ernesto
Escape from predators
foraging strategies
habitat quality
predation risk
tropical birds
Zoologia 35: 1-7
Flight initiation distance (FID), defined as the distance at which an individual flees from an approaching predator, might depend on how the individual perceives the risk of being predated. Using a standardized walking approach method on focal bird individuals, we investigated whether different levels of vegetation cover (habitat) influence the perception of predation risk. To do this, we worked in an area of tropical dry forest in central Mexico that is currently part of a restoration ecology experiment. We hypothesized that restoration decreases individual’s predation risk perception by increasing the complexity of the vegetation cover. The escape responses of three tropical birds with different diets and foraging strategies were also contrasted. There was no effect of habitat on FID, suggesting that birds in both habitats perceived predation risk in a similar manner. There was, however, a difference in FID among species: the Golden-cheeked Woodpecker tolerated closer human presence before flight than the Inca Dove and Streak-backed Oriole. This difference is likely due to the use of an alternative avoidance strategy of this species, which uses trunks for hiding. To decrease birds’ perceived predation risk, restoration intervention plans should include a mosaic of larger excluded plots located near relatively well-conserved sites to increase the area covered by vegetation.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12642
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12642
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12642/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12642/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e14641
2018-03-22
zoologia
Thermal tolerance of the zoea I stage of four Neotropical crab species (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Rebolledo,Adriana
Collin,Rachel
Caribbean
larvae
survival
temperature
exposure time
Zoologia 35: 1-5
Although larval stages are often considered particularly vulnerable to stressors, for many marine invertebrates studies of thermal tolerance have focused on adults. Here we determined the upper thermal limit (LT50) of the zoea I of four Caribbean crab species (Macrocoeloma trispinosum, Aratus pisonii, Armases ricordi, and Minuca rapax) and compared their thermal tolerance over time and among species. The zoea from the subtidal species M. trispinosum and tree climbing mangrove species A. pisonii had a lower thermal tolerance, 35 and 38.5 °C respectively, than did the semiterrestrial A. ricordi and M. rapax. In all four species tested, the estimates of thermal tolerance depend on the duration of exposure to elevated temperatures. Longer exposures to thermal stress produce lower estimates of LT50, which decreased by ~1 °C from a two- to a six-hour exposure. Crab embryos develop on the abdomen of the mother until the larvae are ready to hatch. Therefore, the thermal tolerances of the embryos which need to coincide with the environmental conditions experienced by the adult stage, may carry over into the early zoea stage. Our results suggest that semiterrestrial species, in which embryos may need to withstand higher temperatures than embryos of subtidal species also produce larvae with higher thermal tolerances. Over the short term, the larvae of these tropical crab species can withstand significantly higher temperatures than those experienced in their marine habitat. Longer term rearing studies are necessary to determine the temperature at which chronic exposure has a negative impact on embryonic and larval survival.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Short Communication
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e14641
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14641
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14641/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14641/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12483
2018-03-22
zoologia
Six new species of Poeciloderrhis from Brazil (Blattaria: Blaberidae) with a new record and a new combination
de Oliveira Cardoso da Silva,Leonardo
Lopes,Sonia Maria
Atlantic Forest
Epilamprinae
nomenclature
Serra da Mantiquera
Zoologia 35: 1-10
In this contribution six new species of Poeciloderrhis Stål, 1874 are described: P. aureolatus sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), P. mediansclerostylatus sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), P. diamantinensis sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Mato Grosso State), P. itatiaiensis sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), P. vanzolinii sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State), and P. penduloides sp. nov. (Holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State). The genus is recorded for the first time from the state of Rondônia, Brazil based on P. diamantinensis sp. nov. A new combination is proposed for Poeciloderrhis bicolorata Rocha e Silva & Lopes, 1977 that is transferred to Epilampra Burmeister, 1838. For specific delimation, the tergal modification in the abdomen, the genital plates and their respective structures were analyzed. A key for males including all species of Poeciloderrhis is also given.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12483
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12483
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12483/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12483/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12895
2018-03-22
zoologia
Metrics derived from fish assemblages as indicators of environmental degradation in Cerrado streams
Ávila,Milton P.
Carvalho,Rafaela Neves
Casatti,Lilian
Simião-Ferreira,Juliana
de Morais,Lorrane Faria
Teresa,Fabrício B.
Bioindicators
Brazilian savannah
fish fauna
multimetric index
Zoologia 35: 1-8
The development of effective monitoring tools depends on finding sensitive metrics that are capable of detecting the most important environmental impacts at a given region. We assessed if metrics derived from stream fish assemblages reflect physical habitat degradation and changes in land cover. We sampled the ichthyofauna and environmental characteristics of 16 stream sites of first and second order in the Upper Tocantins River basin. The streams were classified according to their environmental characteristics into reference (n = 5), intermediate (n = 4), and impacted (n = 7). A total of 4,079 individuals in five orders, 12 families, and 30 species were collected. Of the 20 metrics tested, eight were non-collinear and were tested for their performance in discriminating among groups of streams. Three metrics were sensitive to the gradient of degradation: Berger-Parker dominance index, percentage of characiform fish, and percentage of rheophilic individuals. Some commonly used metrics did not reflect the disturbances and many others were redundant with those that did. These results indicate that the metrics derived from fish assemblages may be informative for identifying the conservation status of streams, with the potential to be used in biomonitoring.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12895
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12895
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12895/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12895/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12874
2018-03-29
zoologia
On the habitat use of the Neotropical whip spider Charinus asturius (Arachnida: Amblypygi)
M.G. Segovia,Júlio
Neco,Lúcia C.
Willemart,Rodrigo H.
Amblypygids
natural history
shelter
Zoologia 35: 1-6
The non-random occupation of habitats is termed habitat selection. Some species of whip spiders select trees with burrows at their base, while others use substrates such as rocks. Here, we investigated the habitat use by Charinus asturius Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002, an endemic species of Ilhabela Island in Brazil. We found that C. asturius is more likely to be found under rocks that cover larger areas of substrate. Our results also suggest the existence of territorialism in C. asturius and show that C. asturius adults may be found again on the same rock a week later. Additionally, our data show that C. asturius is present in a greater area of Ilhabela than previously documented.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12874
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12874
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12874/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12874/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12993
2018-03-29
zoologia
Morphological evidence for the taxonomic status of the Bridge’s Guan, Penelope bridgesi, with comments on the validity of P. obscura bronzina (Aves: Cracidae)
Evangelista-Vargas,Diego
Silveira,Luis Fabio
Distribution
morphology
Penelope
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-10
Penelope obscura Temminck, 1815 is a forest guan found in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Three subspecies are currently recognized: Penelope o. obscura Temminck, 1815, P. o. bridgesi Gray, 1860, and P. o. bronzina Hellmayr, 1914. The limits between Penelope taxa are poorly understood since few studies have evaluated their differences in plumage, distribution and taxonomy. Based on 104 specimens deposited in ornithological collections we studied the variations in the plumage of P. obscura, including all characters that have been used to describe the included subspecies. Our results show that the plumage of these birds is extremely variable in southern and southeastern Brazil. Without any morphological and morphometric characters to support P. o. bronzina as a valid taxon, we synonymized it with P. obscura. Conversely, P. o. bridgesi, which occurs in the Yungas and the Chaco, is a distinct taxon and should be treated as a separate species from P. obscura.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12993
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12993
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12993/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12993/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13886
2018-04-16
zoologia
Vertical distribution and structure of copepod (Arthropoda: Copepoda) assemblages in two different seasons down to 1,200 m in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic
Dias,Cristina
Araujo,Adriana
Bonecker,Sérgio
Mesozooplanktonic copepod
Southeastern Brazil
Tropical environment
Zoologia 35: 1-11
The vertical distribution of copepod assemblages, ascertained from the surface down to 1,200 m, was investigated during two sampling periods (rainy and dry seasons), at four depths, in the oligotrophic waters of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Total density, diversity, and richness differed among sampling depths. Copepod density decreased with depth in the two sampling periods, with a maximum at 1 m and a slight decrease at 800 m. Higher diversities were observed at 250 m and 1,200 m during the rainy season and at 1 m and 1,200 m during the dry season. The maximum number of species was found at 1,200 m during the rainy season and at 1 m during the dry season. Various copepod assemblages were delimited in the water column in the two sampling periods. The deeper copepod assemblages occupied a wider range of depths. Salinity and temperature influenced the structure of copepod assemblages and reflected the hydrographic characteristics of the water masses in the region. Candacia pachydactyla (Dana, 1849), Scolecithrix danae (Lubbock, 1856), and Agetus limbatus (Brady, 1883) were the indicator species found at 1 m. The effects of different environmental factors on the copepod assemblages suggest that these consortia occupy distinct niches in the ocean.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13886
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13886
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13886/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13886/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13040
2018-04-17
zoologia
Bruggmannia chapadensis sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new midge inducing galls on Guapira pernambucensis (Nyctaginaceae) from the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
Proença,Barbara
Cid Maia,Valéria
Cerrado
gall midge
insect-plant interaction
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Bruggmannia >chapadensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on characters of the larva, pupa and adults of both sexes, from specimens collected in Cerrado areas of Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is characterized by tarsal claws bent at distal 1/3; well-developed empodia, not reaching the bend in claws; cerci rounded; hipoproct shorter than cerci; aedeagus with globose apex; gonostylus semicircular; ovipositor protrusible about 1.4 times longer than sternite 7; pupal antennal bases enlarged, conical, upper facial horns semicircular; prothoracic spiracle short, abdominal segments 2–8 with one row of dorsal spines; larval terminal segment elongate, with four setose terminal papillae. This new species was collected from lenticular leaf galls of Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell (Nyctaginaceae). This is the first record of Bruggmannia galls on this plant species. In Brazil, 13 species of Bruggmannia were previously known, none recorded from Mato Grosso.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13040
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13040
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13040/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13040/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12487
2018-04-17
zoologia
Ecology of the snake Atractus paraguayensis (Dipsadidae) in southern Brazil
Zanella,Noeli
D'Agostini,Fernanda
Activity patterns
reproduction
seasonality
subtropical region
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Knowledge of snake ecology is important to support conservation strategies. Atractus paraguayensis Werner, 1924 is a dipsadidae with semi fossorial habits distributed throughout southern Brazil. We analyzed the morphology, seasonality and reproductive biology of this species in a subtropical area in southern Brazil by combining material from scientific collections and field data. We found that females have a larger body size than males and that the reproductive cycle of females is seasonal, with vitellogenesis occurring in the warmer months of the year. Males exhibited no differences in testicle volume throughout the year; however, mating likely occurs in the spring when males are more active. Recruitment of newborns occurs in late summer. The number of individuals collected during the hottest months (September through February) was significantly higher than the number of individuals collected during the colder months. Our results, which reveal sexual dimorphism in the species and seasonal breeding restricted to warm months, contribute important information about this species’ biology.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12487
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12487
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12487/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12487/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13255
2018-04-23
zoologia
Occurrence of phoresy between Ancistrus multispinis (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) and Ichthyocladius sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Atlantic forest streams, Southeastern Brazil
Mattos,Tailan Moretti
Carvalho,Dandhara Rossi
de Brito,Mateus Santos
Araújo,Francisco Gerson
Commensalism
larval dispersion
midges
stream ecology
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Phoretic relationships often bring large advantages to epibionts. By attaching themselves to mobile hosts, epibionts are able to: expand their ranges without spending energy, reduce their risk of being predated, and increase their probability of finding food. We assessed the phoretic relationship between the siluriform fish Ancistrus multispinis (Regan, 1912) and the chironomid larva Ichthyocladius sp. in three streams of the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil. We evaluated changes in epibiont distribution throughout the body regions of the host and among three different aquatic systems. We had predicted that certain body regions are more prone to support epibiont attachment, and that epibiont prevalence increases with increased host size and quality of the aquatic system. Three streams (Santana, São Pedro and D’Ouro), tributaries of the Guandu River, were sampled during 2010 and 2011. A total of 102 specimens of A. multispinis were collected and analyzed. Epibionts were found in fourteen of fifteen body regions of the host. Observation from scanning electron microscopy revealed that Chironomidae larvae fix themselves to the spicules through the anal prolegs, not at the skin, as previously reported. The amount of epibionts (degree of infestation) was significantly correlated with fish size in the Santana Stream (r = 0.6, p < 0.01), and São Pedro Stream (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), but not in the D’Ouro Stream, the most altered of the three. The presence of epibionts on the body of the fish is directly correlated with the availability of spicules on the fish’s body, the largest numbers of infestations being found in structures associated with swimming (caudal and pectoral fins), since the swimming movement can create favorable conditions (e.g., suspension of organic particles, increasing oxygenation) for the epibiont.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Short Communication
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13255
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13255
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13255/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13255/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e12947
2018-04-23
zoologia
The effects of heavy metals on the incidence of morphological deformities in Chironomidae (Diptera)
Deliberalli,Wanesssa
Cansian,Rogerio L.
Mielniczki Pereira,Albanin A.
Loureiro,Rafael Chaves
Hepp,Luiz Ubiratan
Restello,Rozane M.
Biomonitoring
copper
environmental quality
mentum
zinc
Zoologia 35: 1-7
Streams in urban areas are strongly impacted by the input of organic matter and metals, for instance copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). These metals are essential for the aquatic biota, but when absorbed in excess they are toxic. In Chironomidae larvae, the deleterious effects of heavy metals can be ascertained by analyzing the morphological deformities of the larval mentum, a structure of the oral cavity. In this study, we evaluated I) the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in urban stream sediments and II) the relationship between Cu and Zn concentrations and the incidence of deformities in the mentum of Chironomus larvae. Chironomid flies were collected from four locations in two streams at an urban area in southern Brazil. They were identified and the incidence of deformities in the mentum was quantified. Sediment samples were collected at the same locations where larvae were collected, to quantify the bioavailable fractions of Cu and Zn. The concentrations of Cu in the sediment were similar between the collection sites. However, Zn concentrations varied among sites, being greater in the stretch directly influenced by the input of the organic waste. In total, 2,895 Chironomid larvae were collected. The incidence of deformities in the mentum was above 30% and was correlated with the concentrations of Cu (r = 0.68) and Zn (r = 0.87). This correlation indicates that the municipal waste that is thrown into the city’s streams has influenced the occurrence of deformities.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e12947
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12947
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12947/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12947/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e14764
2018-04-23
zoologia
Phenology of Promestosoma boggianii (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in a Neotropical floodplain
Santos-Silva,Lorhaine
Gimenez Pinheiro,Tamaris
Isaac Marques,Marinêz
Dênis Battirola,Leandro
Biodiversity
conservation
Myriapoda
wetlands
Zoologia 35: 1-8
Studies that address biodiversity and its supporting mechanisms in different ecosystems are fundamental to understanding the relationships between species and the prevailing environmental conditions within each habitat type. This study presents information on the phenology of Promestosoma boggianii (Silvestri, 1898) and its association with seasonal flood and dry events in a floodplain of Mato Grosso’s northern Pantanal region, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas located between the Bento Gomes and Cuiabá rivers, on the Porto Cercado Road, Poconé-MT. Each sample area was composed of two treatments: (I) floodable habitats and (NI) non-floodable habitats. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were established within each treatment, with sampling carried out using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry season, rising water, high water and receding water phases for the duration of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 295 P. boggianii individuals were sampled at different stages of development (except stages I and II), distributed between the rising water (209 ind., 70.8%), dry (76 ind., 25.8%) and receding water (10 ind., 3.4%) seasons. No specimens were sampled during the high water season. The higher abundances recorded between the dry and rising water seasons, primarily at early stages of development, indicate that P. boggianii is characterized as a univoltine species in these habitats. The data demonstrate that individuals of P. boggianii were more abundant in floodable habitats. In addition, the results show that the life cycle of this diplopod is sinchronized to the seasonal nature of this floodable environment, as a strategy to survive the extreme conditions of terrestrial and aquatic phases Brazil’s northern Pantanal region.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e14764
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14764
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14764/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14764/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13673
2018-04-25
zoologia
Areas of endemism of hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes: Trochilidae) in the Andean and Neotropical regions
Ouvernay,Daiane
Ferreira,Ildemar
Morrone,Juan
Historical biogeography
cladistic biogeography
dispersal events
PAE
Zoologia 35: 1-13
Using track analysis and cladistic biogeography, we identified areas of endemism of hummingbirds in the Andean and Neotropical regions. Our results point out that the current areas of endemism of hummingbirds occur in the Andes, Guiana Shield, the Lesser Antilles, western Central and North America and the Chiapas Highlands. The cladistic biogeographic analysis suggests a hummingbird distribution shaped mainly by dispersal events.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13673
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13673
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13673/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13673/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13653
2018-05-23
zoologia
Effects of habitat heterogeneity on epiedaphic Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) in a semiarid ecosystem in Northeast Brazil
Ferreira,Aila
Rocha,Isabel
Bellini,Bruno
Vasconcellos,Alexandre
Caatinga
diversity
soil dynamics
soil mesofauna
Neotropical Region.
Zoologia 35: 1-5
The spatial distribution of abiotic resources and environmental conditions can vary at small scales within terrestrial ecosystems, influencing the composition of soil fauna. Epiedaphic springtails (Collembola) of a semiarid Caatinga ecosystem were studied to determine if factors related to vegetation structure, such as species richness, aerial biomass, litterfall, and soil characteristics (pH, granulometry and soil organic matter), influence species richness and abundance of this group. A total of 5,513 individuals were collected of 15 species distributed in 13 genera and 9 families. The most abundant species were Temeritas sp., with 2,086 (38% of the total abundance) individuals, and Neotropiella meridionalis (Arlé, 1939), with 1,911 (35% of the total abundance) individuals. None of the variables in the regression model were significantly related to Collembola species richness, but abundance was significantly related to plant species richness, aerial biomass and soil pH. Thus, even at a small spatial scale, habitat heterogeneity influences the epiedaphic Collembola in the Caatinga ecosystem, especially their abundance.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13653
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13653
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13653/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13653/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13882
2018-05-23
zoologia
Two new species of Polana (Hobemanella) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) and key to species
Domahovski,Alexandre
Cavichioli,Rodney
Auchenorrhyncha
Bohemanella
leafhoppers
Neotropical Region
Zoologia 35: 1-8
Two new species of Polana (Hobemanella) Mckamey, 2006 are described and illustrated from Brazil: Polana (H.) alvarengai sp. nov., from the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, which can be recognized by the aedeagal shaft with subapical group of eight spine-like processes on each side of shaft, on ventral surface; and Polana (H.) arcana sp. nov., from the state of Paraná, which can be recognized by the aedeagus with pair of elongated processes arising at base, almost as long as shaft length and parallel to shaft. A key to the 19 known species of Polana (Hobemanella) is presented.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13882
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13882
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13882/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13882/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e14638
2018-05-23
zoologia
Escapes of non-native fish from flooded aquaculture facilities: the case of Paranapanema River, southern Brazil
Casimiro,Armando Cesar Rodrigues
Garcia,Diego Azevedo Zoccal
Vidotto-Magnoni,Ana Paula
Britton,John Robert
Agostinho,Angelo Antonio
De Almeida,Fernanda Simões
Orsi,Mario Luis
Biological invasion
climate change
fish farming
Paraná River
propagule pressure
Zoologia 35: 1-6
Non-native species are a major driver of biodiversity loss. Aquaculture activities play a key role in introductions, including the escape of fishes from fish farm facilities. Here, the impact of flooding due to El Niño rains in 2015/2016 in the Lower and Middle Paranapanema River basin, southern Brazil, was investigated by evaluating fish escapes from 12 fish farms. The flooding resulted in the escape of approximately 1.14 million fishes into the river, encompassing 21 species and three hybrids. Non-native species were the most abundant escapees, especially Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger, 1897) (96% of all fish). Only seven native fishes were in the escapee fauna, comprising 1% of all fish. Large floods, coupled with inadequate biosecurity, thus resulted in considerable inputs of non-native fish into this already invaded system.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Short Communication
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e14638
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14638
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14638/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14638/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13286
2018-05-23
zoologia
Composition of gastrointestinal content, protease and lipase activities in summer and winter of four freshwater siluriforms (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) with two different feeding habits
Gottlieb Almeida,Ana Paula
Zardo,Everton Luis
Toni,Candida
Behr,Everton Rodolfo
Picolli da Silva,Leila
Vieira,João P.
Loro,Vania Lúcia
Baldisserotto,Bernardo
Chymotrypsin
fish
lipase
pepsin
trypsin
Zoologia 35: 1-8
The aim of this study was to determine the composition of gastrointestinal content and protease and lipase activities in summer and winter as well as to evaluate the relationship between digestive enzyme activity and centesimal composition of gastrointestinal content and feeding habits of two omnivorous species, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) and Pimelodus maculatus (LaCèpede, 1803), and of two detritivorous species, Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes, 1835) and Hypostomus commersoni (Valenciennes, 1836). The activities of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase, and the levels of proteins and lipids in the gastrointestinal tract, were evaluated. The enzyme activities were not related to the centesimal composition of gastrointestinal content or feeding habits. This finding could be associated with the variations of nutrient availability over time in the environment, as was observed in the centesimal composition of food ingested by the fish in summer and winter. The analyzed enzymes exhibited a constitutive character in these species; that is, the digestive enzymes are always available in the gastrointestinal tract to digest any food that the fish may find as an adaptation to better utilize the nutrients available in the environment in winter and summer.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13286
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13286
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13286/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13286/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e13465
2018-05-25
zoologia
Community structure and population dynamics of small mammals in an urban-sylvatic interface area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gentile,Rosana
Cardoso,Thiago
Costa-Neto,Sócrates
Teixeira,Bernardo
D'Andrea,Paulo
Atlantic Forest
diversity
habitat disturbance
marsupials
rodents
Zoologia 35: 1-12
The Atlantic Forest is one of the most disturbed Brazilian biomes, with 183 out of 298 species of mammals occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this study, we aimed to characterize the diversity, community structure, and habitat use of small mammals in the FIOCRUZ Atlantic Forest Campus (CFMA), including areas of Pedra Branca State Park (PBSP, subunit Pau da Fome), state of Rio de Janeiro. We also compared species diversity and composition between two moments 15 years apart (2001 and 2012–2015) and analyzed the population dynamics of the marsupial Didelphis aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826). Small mammal captures were made in different habitats: sylvatic-urban interface areas near human dwellings, disturbed forest, and preserved forest areas. Five marsupial species and four rodent species were captured in both periods. There was a reduction in species richness and β diversity between the two periods, indicating that disturbances in the environment over the years may have affected the small mammal community structure. The most altered environment showed the greatest species richness and abundance, while the forest areas showed the smallest values, which may be explained by the loss of mammal species, mainly specialist species in forested areas. We identified three groups of species according to habitat preferences: one related to environments with a higher density of vegetation in upper strata – Marmosa paraguayana (Tate, 1931) and Monodelphis americana (Müller, 1776), another related to a higher density in lower forest strata – Akodon cursor (Winge, 1887), and another with no association with the investigated habitat variables – D. aurita and Oligoryzomys nigripes (Olfers, 1818). The small mammal community structure showed a low level of nestedness in both sampling periods. This study is the first report to evaluate the community structure of small mammals in the sylvatic-urban interface area of Pedra Branca State Park, the largest forest reserve within an urban area in Brazil. The surveys indicate that the small mammal diversity was low in both sampling periods and in both areas, and a species loss in the Pau da Fome locality was observed, despite it is a conservation unit. The greater species abundance and richness in the most disturbed areas suggest an increase of factors favoring the occurrence of synanthropic and opportunistic species.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e13465
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e13465
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13465/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/13465/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
2018-05-31
zoologia
Testing camera traps as a potential tool for detecting nest predation of birds in a tropical rainforest environment
Francisco,Mercival
Fernandes Perrella,Daniel
Biagolini-Jr,Carlos
Zima,Paulo
Piratelli,Augusto J
Schlindwein,Marcelo
Galetti-Jr,Pedro
Francisco,Mercival
Atlantic Forest
nest monitoring
nest predators
nesting success
Zoologia 35: 1-8
Identification of the predators of bird nests is essential to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses and to make practical management decisions. A variety of nest monitoring devices have been proposed but many remain difficult to set up in the field. The aim of this study was to test camera traps as a potential tool to study predation of natural nests in a tropical rainforest environment. Specifically, we registered the predators, assessed their size range, and we compared the use of one and two cameras per nest. Of 122 nests from 24 bird species, 45 (37%) were depredated, and the cameras recorded the predator species in 29 of the total of depredated nests (64%). We identified predators in eight of 16 depredated nests (50%) in which we used one camera trap per nest, and we identified predators in 21 of 29 depredated nests (72%) when we used two camera traps per nest. The predators included six species of birds and six species of mammals, with body masses varying from 20 g to 16.5 kg. Causes for 10 of the 16 detection failures were identified and are discussed. These results suggest that camera traps are viable tools to investigate nest predation in a tropical rainforest area.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14678/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14678/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e26742
2018-06-07
zoologia
A new species of burrowing snake (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Apostolepis) from the state of Mato Grosso, Central-West region of Brazil
dos Santos,Fernanda Martins
Entiauspe-Neto,Omar
Araújo,Jailini da Silva
de Souza,Moisés
de Lema,Thales
Strussmann,Christine
de Albuquerque,Nelson Rufino
Biodiversity
Cerrado
Chapada dos Guimarães
Elapomorphini
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-10
During a faunal rescue conducted at a hydroelectric power station constructed in a Cerrado savanna area in the state of Mato Grosso, a sample of five small stripe-patterned individuals of snakes of the genus Apostolepis Cope, 1862 document the existence of an undescribed species, which is named herein. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of scale counts, number of maxillary teeth and color pattern. The new species is most similar to Apostolepis borellii Peracca, 1904, A. lineata Cope, 1887, A. nelsonjorgei Lema & Renner, 2004, A. nigroterminata Boulenger, 1896, A. serrana Lema & Renner, 2006 and A. underwoodi Lema & Campbell, 2017 in its coloration pattern. However, it is distinguished from these species by having a pair of triangular blotches covering portions of the third to sixth supralabials, a white nuchal collar, the shape of the fourth supralabial and the shape of the tip of tail, the number of supralabials in contact with parietals, the size of the anterior chinshields, the color pattern of the paraventral side, parietal and terminal scales, the width of dorsal stripes, and a distinct number of subcaudals. The new species occurs in areas within the Cerrado biome.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e26742
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e26742
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/26742/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/26742/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e23917
2018-06-29
zoologia
Dactylogyrids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea) from the gills of Hassar gabiru and Hassar orestis (Siluriformes: Doradidae) from the Xingu Basin, Brazil
Soares,Geusivam
Santos Neto,João
Domingues,Marcus V.
Amazon
Cosmetocleithrum
Vancleaveus
Zoologia 35: 1-16
Four species of Cosmetocleithrum (three new) and one new species of Vancleaveus are described or reported parasitizing the gills of doradid catfishes (Siluriformes) from Xingu River and related tributaries: Cosmetocleithrum phryctophallus sp. nov. and Cosmetocleithrum bifurcum Mendoza-Franco, Mendoza-Palmero & Scholz, 2016 from Hassar orestis; Cosmetocleithrum leandroi sp. nov. from Hassar gabiru; Cosmetocleithrum akuanduba sp. nov. and Vancleaveus klasseni sp. nov. from Hassar orestis and H. gabiru. Cosmetocleithrum phryctophallus sp. nov. differs from its congeners by possessing a male copulatory organ (MCO) with 2 ½ counterclockwise rings, and an accessory piece with an elongate torch-shaped blade. Cosmetocleithrum leandroi sp. nov. has a MCO comprising a coil of about 3 ½ rings, a sigmoid accessory piece with a cup-shaped distal portion, a single type of hooks, and anchors with poorly differentiated roots. Cosmetocleithrum akuanduba sp. nov. is characterized mainly by having a J-shaped MCO, an elongate accessory piece with sharp distal region, distal portion with a small gutter, and a heavily sclerotized vagina with short “S”-shaped vaginal canal. Vancleaveus klasseni sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus occurring in doradids by possessing anchors with triangular to subtriangular superficial root, developed deep root, and a coiled MCO with 2 ½ counterclockwise rings. Cosmetocleithrum bifurcum was reported for the first time parasitizing doradids from Brazilian Amazon.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e23917
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23917
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23917/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23917/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e21351
2018-06-29
zoologia
In honor of conservation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: description of two new damselflies of the genus Forcepsioneura discovered in private protected areas (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Pinto,Ângelo
Kompier,Tom
Amazoneura
dragonfly
damselfly
Protoneurinae
Southeastern Brazil
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-19
Two new Brazilian Protoneurinae damselflies, Forcepsioneura regua sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DZRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality, RPPN Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu) and Forcepsioneura serrabonita sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DZRJ: Brazil, Bahia State, Camacan municipality, RPPNs Serra Bonita) , are described, illustrated and diagnosed based on males and females. The bluish and smaller F. regua sp. nov. has been confused with at least three previously described species, being very similar to the type species of Forcepsioneura, F. garrisoni Lencioni, 1999, but lacking a defined tubercle-like process on the posterolateral margin of the median lobe of the prothorax in both sexes, which allows it to be distinguished from all other known species. The shape of the cercus of the male of F. serrabonita sp. nov. is similar to that of F. grossiorum Machado, 2001 and F. lucia Machado, 2000, two species with very short ventrobasal process. However, it differs from them mainly by the mediobasal process of the cercus, which is rounded in dorsal view and almost not visible in lateral view. The taxonomic status of Forcepsioneura is discussed and a comparison with the other species of the genus is provided. Based on size, habitat and coloration, Forcepsioneura can be informally divided into two groups: (1) large, orange-black and montane species, including F. grossiorum, F. itatiaiae (Santos, 1970), F. lucia and F. serrabonita sp. nov.; (2) small, bluish and lowland species, including F. garrisoni, F. haerteli Machado, 2001, F. regua sp. nov. and F. sancta (Hagen in Selys, 1860). Our findings highlight the urgency in directing collecting efforts to unexplored areas, as well as the importance of private preserves that harbor the type localities as guardians of the threatened and diverse Atlantic Forest diversity. Together these two localities surveyed account for more than 210 species of odonates, representing almost 24% of the number of Brazilian species. Brazil has the greatest number of known species of odonates in the world. This study shows that further research is required in order to fully understand the diversity of Forcepsioneura.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e21351
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21351
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21351/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21351/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e14664
2018-07-03
zoologia
Foraging behavior of Brazilian cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianus (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae)
Gheler-Costa,Carla
Comin,Fabio Henrique
Gilli,Letícia C.
Verdade,Luciano M.
Food biology
food stealing
foraging success
social behavior
wading birds
Zoologia 35: 1-4
Although the concept of optimal foraging has been extensively discussed, foraging efficiency is difficult to assess in vertebrates. In this study, we determined the foraging efficiency of the Brazilian cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianus Gmelin, 1789, by the direct, ad libitum observation of a group of four to thirteen individuals in an artificial pond at the University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Although this study was carried out in a highly anthropic environment, we can still conclude that the Brazilian cormorant is a relatively efficient browser and short-term diver. In anthropic environments, foraging success depends on the amount of time these birds spend diving, and stealing food is less common. Stealing occurs at relatively low rates but tends to be an efficient way to get food.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e14664
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14664
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14664/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/14664/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
2018-07-04
zoologia
The feeding habits of the endemic Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae), in an exposed sandy beach’s surf zone in southern Brazil
Lameiro,Fábio R.
Condini,Mario V.
Brito,Cintia P.
Vieira,João P.
Feeding strategy
flatfish
marine fish
southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Zoologia 35: 1-8
The Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii Steindachner, 1874 is a small Pleuronectidae (~ 250 mm TL) distributed in the warm-temperate zone from Santa Catarina (28°S – Brazil) to the Gulf of San Matías (42°S – Argentina). We studied the occurrence and diet of juveniles of this flatfish (85% < 100 mm TL) for one year (August 2009 to July 2010) in a southern Brazilian sandy beach. Individuals were much more common in spring and early summer than in the other seasons. Of the 758 individuals analyzed, only 69 (9.1%) were found with empty stomachs. The Remo flounder fed predominantly on small crustaceans (gammarid amphipods, mysids and the hipiidae Emerita brasiliensis Schmitt, 1935) and no seasonal differences were found in the composition of the diet of this flatfish. However, variations in the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) were found among seasons, which most likely can be explained by a decrease in the availability of favored food items throughout the year. The pattern of distribution of O. darwinii indicates that southern Brazilian sandy beaches are used as nursery ground for this species.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/15038/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/15038/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e22162
2018-08-10
zoologia
Embryonic and larval development of the topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Zhu,Dongmei
Yang,Kun
Sun,Ning
Wang,Weimin
Zhou,Xiaoyun
Embryogenesis
invasive species
larval development
Zoologia 35: 1-8
The topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842), is a small cyprinid fish that inhabits the littoral zones of freshwater habitats throughout Asia and Europe. It is regarded as an invasive species in Europe, but in its native range, in China, as food and as an environmental bio-indicator. In this study, the embryonic and larval development of P. parva was investigated for the first time. The eggs of P. parva are transparent, adhesive and elliptical. The mean size of fertilized eggs was (1.63×1.31) ± 0.04 mm. From fertilization to hatching, embryonic development could be divided into eight stages and 34 phases, and the incubation period lasted for 109.25 hours at 24 ± 1 °C. Newly hatched larvae were 4.1 ± 3 mm in length, and the yolk absorption was completed within six days after hatching. The first and second swim bladders formed at the third and ninth day, respectively. The pectoral fin formed before the hatching stage, followed by the caudal, dorsal, anal and ventral fin formation after hatching. About 20 days after hatching, the morphology of the fry was similar to the adult fish. These findings provide a basis for determining the complete ontogeny of P. parva, as well as facilitate the management and utilization of this fish.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e22162
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e22162
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22162/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22162/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e23481
2018-08-10
zoologia
Is the spider a good biological control agent for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)?
Huang,Xuan
Quan,Xiaoyu
Wang,Xia
Yun,Yueli
Peng,Yu
Diamondback moth
Ebrechtella
tricuspidata
Pardosa
laura
Pardosa
astrigera
Pardosa
pseudoannulata
predation.
Zoologia 35: 1-8
Spiders, as predators of insects and other invertebrates, are an important part of the natural enemies, and they are recognized as an important biological control agent. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758), the diamondback moth (DBM), is a well-known and destructive insect pest of brassicaceous crops worldwide. Here, we analyzed the functional responses of four spiders (Araneae) – Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) (Thomisidae), Pardosa laura (Karsch, 1879) (Lycosidae), Pardosa astrigera (Koch, 1878) (Lycosidae), and Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Lycosidae) – on P. xylostella larvae. We also analyzed intraspecific disturbances in the predation reaction and the intensity of scrambling competition of the spiders to P. xylostella larvae. Our results demonstrated that the functional responses of four spiders of different genera were in line with the Holling II model. Two Lycosidae spiders (P. astrigera and P. pseudoannulata) had the potential to control P. xylostella, and female and male spiders that belonged to the same species had different functional responses to P. xylostella. The functional responses of female predation of P. astrigena, P. laura, and P. pseudoannulata was stronger than the males, but male E. tricuspidatus had stronger functional responses to predation than females. We used the Hassell model to describe the intraspecific disturbance experiments of four spiders. There were intraspecific disturbances in the predation reactions of spiders, indicating that the predation ratio of spiders decreased in relation to the increase of its density, and with the increase of spider density, the intensity of scrambling competition of the spider increased.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e23481
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23481
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23481/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23481/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e21933
2018-08-22
zoologia
Morphological changes of gonad and gene expression patterns during desexualization in Dugesia japonica (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae)
Dong,Zimei
Shi,Changying
Gengbo,Chu
Dong,Yanping
Chen,Guangwen
Liu,Dezeng
Planarian
food deprivation
germ cells
reproductive system
Zoologia 35: 1-7
Planarians, the representatives of an ancient bilaterian group with complex reproductive system and high regenerative capabilities, are model system suitable for studying the basic molecular requirements for the development of the reproductive system. To further explore the morphological changes of the gonads during desexualization and the molecular events of the genes controlling the reproductive system development in planarians, we have investigated the histological changes of ovary and testis by paraffin section and the expression patterns of reproductive-related genes by the quantitative real-time PCR in Dugesia japonica Ichikawa & Kawakatsu, 1964, upon starvation. The four genes, Djprps, DjvlgA, DjvlgB and Djnos, have been selected. The research results show that the degradation of ovary changes from outside layer to inside, and the testis changes are opposite; the reproductive capacity of the planarians starts to be damaged from the 17th to 25th days and to disappear completely from the 26th to 37th days during starvation. The expression patterns of the four genes exhibit the obvious dynamic variations during their desexualization, which indicates that these genes might be involved in gonad development.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e21933
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21933
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21933/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21933/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e17786
2018-08-30
zoologia
Redescription of Ventania avellanedae (Stylommatophora: Odontostomidae), a land snail endemic to the Ventania Mountain System, Argentina
Piza,Julia
Cazzaniga,Néstor J.
Ghezzi,Natalia S.
Anatomy
conservation
endemisms
Gastropoda
Orthalicoidea
Zoologia 35: 1-11
Although the presence of apertural folds and lamellae is the most recognizable character of the Odontostomidae, some species lack them, mostly in Anctus Martens, 1860, Bahiensis Jousseaume, 1877 and Moricandia Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898. Eudioptus avellanedae Doering, 1881 – a slender odontostomid species that lacks even the slightest trace of folds or lamellae in its shell aperture – was however transferred to Odontostomus by Pilsbry in 1902 on the basis of its building forward of the aperture-margins. It is currently placed in its own monotypic subgenus, Cyclodontina (Ventania) Parodiz, 1940, on the basis of about the same argument. In this paper we redescribe its shell morphology and, for the first time, describe the internal anatomy of the pallial complex and the reproductive and digestive systems. The presence of a spongy gland in the pallial complex; of a short penis sheath with no retractor muscle; of a bursa copulatrix duct longer than spermoviduct, and of an epiphallic gland strongly support the inclusion of this unusual species in Odontostomidae. The species is diagnosable by the sculpture of the protoconch, which is not smooth as previously described, but has waved axial ribs crossed by spiral lines in young specimens; the distinctive external and internal shape of the bursa copulatrix duct; the internal penis wall divided in three regions of different sculpture; the smooth inner wall of the vagina; the long and cylindrical epiphallus with a distal widening indicating the presence of an epiphallic gland, and the penis retractor muscle inserted in the distal end of a short flagellum. These characters support the validity of Ventania Parodiz, 1940, different from Cyclodontina Beck, 1837.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e17786
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e17786
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/17786/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/17786/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e21978
2018-08-30
zoologia
Implanted byssal hairs on postlarval shells of Mytilus edulis platensis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Patagonia
Isola,Tomás
Varisco,Martin
Cazzaniga,Néstor J.
byssus threads
mussel postlarvae
spat settlement
mussel culture
Zoologia 35: 1-5
This communication describes the first records of byssal hairs on the postlarvae shells of Mytilus edulis platensis d’Orbigny, 1842. The postlarvae used in this study were sampled on artificial collectors used for mussel culture in San Jorge Gulf, Sudoccidental Atlantic Ocean. A general description of the hairs is made as well as an exploratory analysis of their spatial distribution on the shell surface. The presence of these byssal hairs is suggested as a criterion to differentiate M. edulis platensis from other mytilids.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Short Communication
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e21978
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21978
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21978/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21978/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e20583
2018-09-28
zoologia
Does frugivory in Citharexylum solanaceum (Verbenaceae) drive nomadism in the Ipanema bat Pygoderma bilabiatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)?
Scultori,Carolina
Silva,Wesley
Movements
philopatry
fruit-bat interactions
seed dispersal
Zoologia 35: 1-5
Neotropical bats are recognized as effective seed dispersers, especially of small-seeded pioneer plants during early stages of forest regeneration. There had been few reports on the ecology of the bat Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843), which appears to be mainly frugivorous and to undertake vertical migrations in Brazil. Our analyzes of fecal samples of P. bilabiatum specimens captured in mist nets and direct observations of their feeding behavior on Citharexylum solanaceum Cham. fruits in a mosaic of restored forests and forest fragments in southeastern Brazil constitute one of the few records of consumption of large-seeded fruits by P. bilabiatum, and indicate that it may be an important disperser for large-seeded plants. We found evidence that the temporal availability of those fruits may influence the movement ecology of those bats.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e20583
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e20583
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20583/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/20583/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e23176
2018-10-04
zoologia
Biology, distribution and geographic variation of loliginid squids (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) off southwestern Atlantic
Martins,Rodrigo
Juanico,Marcelo
Competition
morphology
Myopsida
population biology
reproduction.
Zoologia 35: 1-16
The biology and ecology of southwestern Atlantic loliginid squids have been intensively researched in the last few decades, mostly off the Brazilian southern coast. However, information gathered by scientific research cruisers, either past or recent, is limited. Three species of loliginid squids – the warm-tempered Doryteuthis sanpaulensis (Brakoniecki, 1984), plus the tropical D. pleii (Blainville, 1823) and Lolliguncula brevis (Blainville, 1823) – were sampled along 16 degrees of latitude on the southwestern Atlantic (22–38°S). The samples were obtained mostly from oceanographic surveys, but also included squids caught by commercial fisheries, and a few specimens from museum collections. Squid response to abiotic variables, morphological variation and circadian behaviour were surveyed in detail. Doryteuthis sanpaulensis can be divided into at least six distinguishable geographical groups, which do not form a cline. In contrast, D. pleii can be divided into only two morphological groups that are very similar. Doryteuthis spp. were heterogeneously distributed on the shelf, whereas L. brevis was confined nearshore. Our data extended the southernmost distribution range of D. pleii by at least nine degrees of latitude, owing to specimens obtained at ~38°S (Mar del Plata, Argentina). Small, immature D. sanpaulensis were sampled inside the Patos Lagoon estuary (~32°S). The morphologically similar Doryteuthis spp. apparently avoid direct competition by concentrating at different depths, displaying different thermal preferences, and inverse circadian levels of activity. The information reported herein may be regarded as a “snapshot” of the ecology of sympatric squids in a marine environment that has not been deeply affected by climate change.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e23176
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23176
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23176/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23176/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24485
2018-10-16
zoologia
Description of immature stages and natural history of Stigmella schinivora (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), a leaf-miner associated with the Brazilian peppertree
Pereira,Cristiano Marcondes
Silva,Denis Santos
Vargas,Hector
Moreira,Gilson
Atlantic forest
leaf-mining moths
microlepidoptera
nepticulids
Schinus terebinthifolius.
Zoologia 35: 1-11
Stigmella schinivora van Nieukerken, 2016 was described from Cataratas de Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina, based on adults reared from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) leaf mines. The aim of this study is to describe for the first time the external morphology of the immature stages of S. schinivora with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy, based on mines collected on the same host plant, but in Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. Data on natural history, including histology of the mines, are also provided. The larva passes through four instars, all endophytic, having chewing mouth parts and feeding on the palisade parenchyma. The first three instars are apodous and have a subcylindrical body, bearing only one pair of setae on the tenth abdominal segment; the fourth instar is eruciform, with well-developed ambulatory calli on thorax and abdomen and setae on all tagmata. A serpentine mine is constructed on the adaxial surface, progressively increasing in width during larval development. With the exception of the widened, terminal section, the mine is left filled with larval feces. The fully developed larva of last instar exits through a slit made at the distal end of the mine, building a silk cocoon on the leaf abaxial surface where pupation occurs. This is the first record of S. schinivora from Brazil, which was only known from the type locality in Argentina.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24485
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24485
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24485/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24485/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e23366
2018-10-16
zoologia
Redescription of Epiperipatus edwardsii, and descriptions of five new species of Epiperipatus from Brazil (Onychophora: Peripatidae)
Costa,Cristiano
Chagas-Jr,Amazonas
Pinto-da-Rocha,Ricardo
French Guyana
neotropics
onychophorans
Peripatus
taxonomy.
Zoologia 35: 1-15
Epiperipatus edwardsii (Blanchard, 1847) is redescribed based on fresh material collected near the type locality. Additionally, five new species of velvet worms of the genus Epiperipatus Clark, 1913 from Brazil are described: Epiperipatus hyperbolicus sp. nov., Epiperipatus lucerna sp. nov., Epiperipatus titanicus sp. nov. (Holotypes deposited in MNRJ: Murici, Alagoas State), Epiperipatus beckeri sp. nov. (Holotype female deposited in MNRJ: Camacan, Bahia State) and Epiperipatus marajoara sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in MZUSP: Breves, Marajó island, Pará State). The peculiar shape of the primary papillae (artichoke-like) of E. titanicus sp. nov. and E. beckeri sp. nov. is documented for the first time. Epiperipatus titanicus sp. nov. has the largest number of pairs of oncopods (38 for males and 39 for females) among the Brazilian Onychophora. We also provide an identification key for Brazilian species of Epiperipatus.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e23366
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23366
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23366/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23366/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e24446
2018-10-19
zoologia
No mullet, no gain: cooperation between dolphins and cast net fishermen in southern Brazil
Lang dos Santos,Mauricio
Lemos,Valéria Marques
Vieira,João P.
Fishing activity
generalized linear models
Mugil
liza
seasonality
Tramandaí River Estuary
Tursiops
truncatus
Zoologia 35: 1-13
We report on the interaction between common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) and cast net fishermen in southern coast of Brazil. The fishery was monitored in the mouth of the Tramandaí River Estuary to investigate the seasonality of catches and their relationships with a set of variables: presence/absence and number of bottlenose dolphins, fishing area, temperature, salinity, wind and water flow direction in the channel. The mullet, Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 is the target species and was the dominant fish in the catches (77% of total catch; 50% in frequency; 0.2 ind. x f-1). The use of GLM models helped to reveal that the number of the bottlenose dolphins, time of year (months) and spatial variation of fishing activity were the main factors explaining the presence and abundance of mullet in the fishermen’s catches. The presences of bottlenose dolphins in the fishing area raise the probability of fishermen catch larger number of mullets with smaller fishing effort. However, the size of the mullet is influenced basically by seasonality. The mullets are the “currency” of bottlenose dolphins and fishermen interaction. There are reasons for concern about the sustainability of the southern Brazilian M. liza stock, once the decrease of this fishing resource can lead this rare and traditional fishery to the extinction.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e24446
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24446
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24446/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24446/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e25171
2018-11-01
zoologia
Morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract of Larimichthys crocea (Acanthopterygii: Perciformes)
Kalhoro,Hameeda
Tong,Shengli
Wang,Lei
Hua,Ying
Volatiana,Josie Ancella
Shao,Qingjun
Anatomy
epithelial mucins
gastrointestinal tract
intestinal coefficient
large yellow croaker
Zoologia 35: 1-9
The present study aimed to investigate the macroscopic and histological structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846). It consists of esophagus, stomach regions, pyloric caeca, intestinal regions, and rectum. Sixteen tubular light yellowish pyloric caeca of similar sizes were observed in all individuals. The digestive wall consists of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. No major differences appeared in the structure of the tunica, epithelial cell types, connective tissues and musculature glands of L. crocea GIT. The mucosal epithelia in the oesophagus has longitudinal branched folds with frontward and hindmost zones. The gastric tunica mucosa has a characteristic folded structure and can be divided into three regions. The intestinal tunica mucosa is characterized by villi structures and numerous mucus-secreting cells. Mucus-secreting goblet cells were strongly positive to AB at pH 2.5 in the oesophagus (excluding gastro-oesophageal junction) and intestine mucosal regions, which indicates an abundance of carboxylate mucins. The surface epithelia of the gastric mucosa is PAS-positive and AB-negative. SEM examination revealed that cells in the epithelium of the esophagus have an unbroken apical layer and goblet cells. The intestinal coefficient (IC) of L. crocea was 0.80 ± 0.21, consistent with a carnivorous or omnivorous habit. Our study adds the knowledge of the digestive system of L. crocea and might be useful in the management of L. crocea stocks.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e25171
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e25171
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/25171/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/25171/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e21232
2018-11-01
zoologia
Revision of Lineostethus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalini)
de Almeida Garbelotto,Thereza
Leite Kochenborger,Ana Paula
Campos,Luiz Alexandre
Discocephala
Discocephalinae
Neotropical
Platycarenus
taxonomy
Zoologia 35: 1-24
Lineostethus Ruckes, 1966 has four species, L. clypeatus (Stål, 1862), L. graziae Hildebrand & Becker, 1982, L. marginellus (Stål, 1872), and L. tenebricornis (Ruckes, 1957); mostly restricted to Central America, but with distribution records in the southern North America. Lineostethus is one of the discocephaline genera with discoid head. The last review of the genus, from the 1980’s, focused on the genital morphology and failed to provide updated descriptions or a key to species. We had access to material from different collections, including several specimens representing new species of Lineostethus, and males of L. marginellus which shows important variations in genital morphology. Here we update the generic description of Lineostethus and its known species and describe the new species Lineostethus acuminatus sp. nov. (holotype male in DZUP: Costa Rica, Guanacaste), Lineostethus auritus sp. nov. (holotype male in AMNH: Mexico, Oaxaca), Lineostethus otarus sp. nov. (holotype male in AMNH: Mexico, Michoacán) and Lineostethus sinuosus sp. nov. (holotype male in DZUP: Mexico, Yucatán). Additionally, we provide identification keys and distribution maps.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e21232
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e21232
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21232/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21232/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e23133
2018-11-22
zoologia
Assessing the population density of the spotted paca, Cuniculus paca, (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) on an Atlantic Forest island, southeastern Brazil
Colombo Ferreguetti,Átilla
Pereira,Bruno
Bergallo,Helena
Abundance
Distance sampling
Ilha Grande State Park
Line-transect
Zoologia 35: 1-5
The spotted paca,Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766), is a Neotropical, opportunistic, frugivorous caviomorph rodent, that inhabits primarily broadleaf forests. We aimed to provide the first estimates of density of C. paca for the Ilha Grande, an island located in the Atlantic Rain Forest biome of Brazil. Density and population size were estimated using the total number of individuals observed along each trail through the program DISTANCE 7. Our estimates of density and population size reinforces the importance of the Ilha Grande as an important reservoir of the species. Therefore, the results presented herein can be a starting point to support future action plans for the species, making predictions regarding the ecosystem and management and conservation of the spotted paca. Furthermore, the results can be used as a surrogate for other regions in which the species occurs.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e23133
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23133
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23133/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23133/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.35.e22235
2018-11-23
zoologia
Length-based estimates of growth parameters and mortality rates of fish populations from a coastal zone in the Southeastern Brazil
Costa,Marcus Rodrigues
Tubino,Rafael
Monteiro-Neto,Cassiano
Ichthyofauna
length-weight relationships
life history
shallow waters
small-scale fisheries
Zoologia 35: 1-8
Small-scale fisheries in Brazil contribute to a significant share of total fish production, accessing a large variety of species. Life history parameters from these resources are important for their management and conservation, based on primary data. The objective of this article is to generate growth parameters and mortality rates of ten fish populations from a coastal zone in Southeastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken between January 2011 and November 2014 from landings of the beach-seine fishery in an area adjacent to the entrance of the Guanabara Bay. All fishes were measured (total length) and weighed. The length-weight relationships (LWR) were estimated by linear regression analysis on log-transformed data of the equation: W = aLb. The Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) was fitted to size-at-age data to obtain growth parameters (K, L∞). The length-converted catch curve was used for estimating the instantaneous total mortality (Z). Taylor’s equations provided an independent estimate of the natural mortality (M) and longevity. The difference between Z and M derived Fishing mortality (F). A total of 2,938 individuals from ten fish species were used to determine the length-weight relationships. Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) has a new maximum length record for the FishBase LWR database. Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) presented the smallest and largest size recorded for LWR observed in the literature and FishBase database. Upeneus parvus showed the greatest total length, while Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758, Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) and Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) presented the smallest sizes for LWR in FishBase. The other species showed parameters within the expected values for each group. The performance index combining information from K and L∞ presented values between 2.32 and 3.76 and were considered appropriate for the populations evaluated. Fishing was the primary source of mortality for Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815), Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard, 1855, S. brasiliensis and U. parvus, and less important for Cynoscion jamaicensis (Vaillant & Bocourt, 1883), D. volitans, O. ruber, Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815), T. lepturus and H. clupeola. The parameters generated may be used for the management and conservation of the species’ stocks.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2018
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.35.e22235
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e22235
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22235/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22235/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e26928
2019-04-03
zoologia
Systematics of the Neotropical genus Loxozus (Diptera: Neriidae), with notes on distribution and sexual dimorphism
Sepúlveda,Tatiana
Carvalho,Claudio
Pereira-Colavite,Alessandre
Monotypic
Neotropical
Nerioidea
new records
taxonomy
Zoologia 36: 1-6
The monotypic genus Loxozus Enderlein, 1922 is redescribed. After examining the holotypes of Tetanocera cornuta Walker, 1853 and Loxozus clavicornis Enderlein, 1922, we confirm that these species are synonyms and reiterate that the correct name of the nominal species is Loxozus cornutus (Walker, 1853). The male of L. cornutus is described for the first time and notes on the species’ sexual dimorphism and illustrations of the genitalia are provided, together with distribution data, including new records for Venezuela, Brazil and Peru.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e26928
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e26928
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/26928/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/26928/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e21481
2019-04-03
zoologia
A new species of Clinodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing galls on Banisteriopsis membranifolia (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil
Cid Maia,Valéria
Araújo,Lazaro
Atlantic Forest
gall
insect-plant interaction
Malpighiaceae.
Zoologia 36: 1-5
Clinodiplosis quartelensis sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Minas Gerais State), a new gall midge species causing leaf galls on Banisteriopsis membranifolia (A. Juss.) B. Gates (Malpighiaceae), an endemic liana in Brazil, is described based on larva, pupa, adult male and female and its gall is characterized. Galls were collected in Quartel de São João, state of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Larvae were removed from the galls and pupae and adults were obtained by rearing. Pupation takes place in the gall. The most important morphological characters were illustrated. The new species is compared with other Neotropical species of Clinodiplosis and belongs to the group with simple tarsal claws, curved beyond tarsus midlength. Clinodiplosis quartelensis sp. nov. shares the male cercus secondarily lobed, the 12th female flagellomere with setulose apical process, the deeply bilobed male hypoproct with convergent lobes, pupa lacking dorsal spines on abdominal segments, and larva with four pairs of setose terminal papillae with C. bellum from that might be distinguished by size of palpus, wing venation, level of sclerotization of eighth abdominal segment in the adults, as well as, by the pupal cephalic dorsal plate and larval spatula.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e21481
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e21481
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21481/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/21481/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e23269
2019-04-05
zoologia
Two new species and new records of Neanuridae (Hexapoda: Collembola) from Brazilian central Amazonia
Neves,Ana Carolina
de Mendonça,Maria Cleide
Queiroz,Gabriel
Frieseinae
Neanurinae
Neotropics
Pseudachorutinae
taxonomy
Zoologia 36: 1-8
Two new species of Neanuridae from the Amazon Rainforest of Northern Brazil are described and illustrated. The new species Friesea multiclavata sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Amazonas State) belongs to the reducta-group and represents the first record of Frieseinae for Amazonas State in Brazil. Within Pseudachorutinae, the new species Furculanurida boiuna sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Amazonas State) represents the third species of this genus without eyes and body pigment, together with Furculanurida africana (Massoud, 1963) – type species of the genus – and Furculanurida emucronata Zon et al., 2014, both from Ivory Coast, in Africa. Lastly, an indefinite species of Ectonura sp. (Neanurinae) is the second record of the genus for the Neotropical Region.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e23269
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e23269
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23269/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/23269/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e27708
2019-05-14
zoologia
Composition and structure of the frugivorous butterfly community (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) at the Serra Azul State Park (PESA), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Oliveira de Sousa,Wesley
Sousa,Lincey
Regina Jaloretto da Silva,Fátima
Ikaro da Graça Santos,Wildio
Aranda,Rodrigo
Cerrado
conservation
inventory
Nymphalidae
Phytophysiognomy
Zoologia 36: 1-10
Due to the important ecological role of Nymphalidae as consumers of fermented fruits, excrement, exudates of decomposed plants and animals, as well as bioindicators of environmental quality that attract the interest of the general public, this study aimed to characterize the fauna of frugivorous butterflies at the Serra Azul State Park – PESA (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with regards to composition, taxonomic richness and spatial distribution. Collections were carried out in 2014 from six 250 m plots in a RAPELD module (5x5 km). We defined five sampling points in each plot and placed a Van Someren-Rydon trap (VSR), with a bait made from banana fermented in cane juice, positioned 1 m above the ground for 24 hours. We collected 204 specimens of Nymphalidae from five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 40 species. Satyrinae was the most abundant and species-rich subfamily. The community structure varied spatially, with the gallery forest presenting the greatest richness, diversity, and equitability, while ‘cerrado ralo’ presented higher abundance and less diversity and equitability. Therefore, according to the pattern of abundance in the PESA, species were best adapted to the log series model. Yphthimoides renata (Stoll, 1780) (Satyrinae), Hamadryas feronia (Linnaeus, 1758), and Callicore sorana (Godart, 1824) (Biblidinae) were the most abundant species, 19 species were singletons, and eight were doubletons. Richness estimators showed that 63% of all species were sampled. Our results indicate that the frugivorous butterfly community is structured according to phytophysiognomies, and the dominance of species that are tolerant to disturbances indicates landscape fragmentation within the PESA, which interferes with species substitution pattern and their abundances in different environments of the park.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e27708
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e27708
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/27708/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/27708/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e22909
2019-05-14
zoologia
A new ‘horned' Stenocercus from the highlands of southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Stenocercus tricristatus (Reptilia: Tropiduridae)
Avila-Pires,Teresa C.
Nogueira,Cristiano
Martins,Marcio
Minas Gerais
new species
Serra da Canastra
Squamata
taxonomy
Zoologia 36: 1-16
A new species of the lizard genus Stenocercus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 is described based on six specimens from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Similar to S. tricristatus (Duméril, 1851), S. dumerilii (Steindachner, 1867), S. quinarius Nogueira & Rodrigues, 2006, and S. squarrosus Nogueira & Rodrigues, 2006, the new species has a pyramidal head and an enlarged, dorsally projected post-supraciliary scale, like a small horn. It is most similar to S. tricristatus, from which it differs in having a more elongated head in ventral view; a larger number of scales around midbody; a distinctly enlarged, smooth preauricular scale; and probably a larger body size. Moreover, the new species has distinctly keeled scales, with phylloid and mucronate dorsals; no enlarged supraoculars; no neck folds; a vertebral, and a pair of dorsolateral and (weak) lateral crests. A redescription of S. tricristatus is presented for comparison with the new species.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e22909
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e22909
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22909/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/22909/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e25717
2019-05-16
zoologia
Multiple nesting attempts and long breeding seasons of Mimus gilvus (Aves: Mimidae) in southeastern Brazil
Morais,Rodrigo
Araújo,Luiz Carlos
Silva,Gleidson Ramos
Duca,Charles
Breeding biology
clutch size
re-nesting
Restinga
Tropical Mockingbird
Zoologia 36: 1-8
This study describes aspects of the life history of the Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus (Vieillot, 1808), including the breeding period, clutch size, nestlings and a list of plants used for nesting. Nests were monitored in an area of Restinga (sand-coastal plain) habitat in a protected area in southeastern Brazil. The data from 181 nests during five breeding seasons (2010-2014) showed that the Tropical Mockingbird has a long breeding season (26.1 ± 2.6 weeks) with up to two peaks of active nests from August to March. The breeding pairs made up to four nesting attempts in the same breeding season. The mean (± SD) clutch size was 2.4 ± 0.6 eggs (n = 169). The mean (± SD) incubation period was 14 ± 0.6 days, and the nestling remained in the nest for 14.5 ± 2.2 days. The nests were built on thirty plant species, and Protium icicariba (DC.) Marchand. was the plant species most commonly used for nesting. The breeding parameters of the Tropical Mockingbird are similar to those of other Mimidae species. The knowledge gained from this study makes the Tropical Mockingbird a good choice for future studies, particularly for testing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses regarding life history attributes, habitat selection and parental investment.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e25717
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e25717
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/25717/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/25717/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e28027
2019-05-28
zoologia
Body mass index and glucose variations during the night in free-ranging Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Azeredo,Luane
Silva Ximenes,Monique
Alves Pereira,Kleytone
Aguiar Fracasso,Maria Paula
Serramo Lopez,Luiz Carlos
Body condition
blood metabolites
foraging
Zoologia 36: 1-8
Body condition is an important measure to estimate the energy reserve of an organism. Scientists frequently use body condition indices (BCIs) with morphometric measures but direct measurements, such as blood glucose, seem to be more reliable. We observed oscillations in the body condition and glucose indexes of individuals of Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) during 13 nights in the field. We assume that if glucose levels are proportional to feeding state and body condition is a measure of energy reserve, blood glucose and BCI should be positively correlated and both are expected to increase during the night as the bats leave their diurnal roost to feed. To test this, we examined the relationship between blood glucose levels, BCI and reproductive phase of free flying male bats (n = 70) for 12 hours after sunset for 13 nights. Bats were captured in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas (Paraíba, Brazil) using mist nets. Blood glucose was analyzed with a portable glucometer. Supporting our assumptions, the number of hours after sunset and BCI presented significant positive correlations with glucose levels in A. planirostris. Reproductive phase did not present a significant correlation with any other variables. As we predicted, glucose level can be used as proxy for morphometric BCI and it can be measured with a simple portable glucometer. The increase both in glucose and BCI around the night can be explained by the efficient assimilation of nutrients present in fruits ingested by bats and the quick metabolism that increases the levels of glucose (an other nutrients) in blood, increasing the body mass.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e28027
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e28027
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/28027/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/28027/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e27357
2019-05-28
zoologia
Ecological niche differentiation between Acanthodactylus micropholis and A. khamirensis (Sauria: Lacertidae) in southern Iran
Heidari,Nastaran
Ecological species concept
fringed-toed lizard
Iranian Plateau
precipitation
temperature
Zoologia 36: 1-5
Acanthodactylus micropholis Heidari, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Rajabizadeh, 2013 and A. khamirensis Blanford, 1874 are genetically and morphologically distinct, but their ecological differentiation has not previously been evaluated. The ecological niche models of these two sister species Acanthodactylus were reconstructed using climate and geographical data. Species distribution modeling for A. micropholis and A. khamirensis was used to make predictions and showed that most parts of southern and southeastern Iran are suitable for the distribution of both species. Habitat suitability was mostly dependent upon minimum temperature of the coldest month and seasonal precipitation for A. micropholis and A. khamirensis, respectively. Niche similarity tests (niche overlap and identity tests) were performed to evaluate species differentiation based on the ecological species criterion. Our results indicate that both species have different ecological niches and are significantly separated from each other. Therefore, our study corroborates previous analyses based on molecular and morphological evidences that suggested that A. micropholis and A. khamirensis were valid species.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e27357
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e27357
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/27357/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/27357/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
2019-05-28
zoologia
An assessment of the factors determining rotifer assemblage in river-lake systems: the effects of seasonality and habitat
Serafim-Júnior,Moacyr
Perbiche-Neves,Gilmar
Lansac-Toha,Fabio
Ecology
limnology
Rotifera
Upper Paraná River floodplain
Zoologia 36: 1-8
Zooplankton exhibit several trends of variation in space and time, and these trends can be more evident in natural environments without anthropic perturbations. Examples of anthropic factors are climate change, eutrophication and construction of reservoirs. This study evaluated the influence of three factors – seasonality, type of environment and the presence of aquatic macrophytes – on various ecological attributes of rotifers in a river-lake system located in the Paraná River floodplain. Monthly samplings were conducted during 1993 and 1994. The mean species richness per sample was 60 species. The seasonality and the type of environment influenced the ecological attributes of rotifer assemblages, while the presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes did not. Species richness was highest in the lake system and during the months when water levels were low. Multivariate analysis indicates a small group of species associated with the low water-level phase. In contrast, many species were associated with high water levels or increasing water levels. The seasonal variation of hydrological cycle and the type of environment are the most important factors for rotifer structure in natural conditions.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24191/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/24191/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e30354
2019-05-28
zoologia
Does the widely distributed rodent Calomys tener (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) constitute a single evolutionary unit?
Gonzalez-Ittig,Raul
Kandel,Narayan
Bonvicino,Cibele Rodrigues
Salazar-Bravo,Jorge
Cyt-b
phylogenetic relationships
South America
Zoologia 36: 1-11
The nominal species Calomys tener (Winge, 1887) ranges broadly in open lands of the Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal and Mata Atlântica of Brazil, and was recently reported from the Pampas of southern Brazil, and in the Selva Paranaense of eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. This rodent can be infected with the pathogenic Araraquara hantavirus in Brazil. Given that most epidemiological studies have not taken into account updated taxonomic findings of their rodent hosts, in this study, we obtained sequence data of the Cyt-b and COI genes of specimens of C. tener from 22 different geographical localities from throughout the currently known distribution of the species (including individuals from Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil) to test if it constitutes a single genetic unit or if it presents genetic discontinuities that may represent different evolutionary lineages. Phylogenetic analyses including several species of Calomys recovered several clades with strong support. Regarding C. tener, it is recovered as sister to the node that cluster C. laucha (Fischer, 1814) sensu lato, C. expulsus (Lund, 1841) and species in the C. callosus (Rengger, 1830) species complex. At the intraspecific level there are no genetic gaps among haplotypes of C. tener that could suggest more than one species. The recent captures in the Pampas of southern Brazil and in the Selva Paranaense suggest that the species may be colonizing new geographic areas.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e30354
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30354
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/30354/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/30354/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e25083
2019-05-30
zoologia
Water acidification causes death of marine ornamental fish (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) during transport: contributing to the conservation of wild populations
Sampaio,Flavia
Silva-de-Assis,Helena
Bettim,Franciele
Favaro,Luis
Arruda Freire,Carolina
Ammonia
aquarium trade
carbon dioxide
fish conservation
pH
Zoologia 36: 1-10
Pomacentridae is a common family in the aquarium fish trade. Most species are harvested from nature. Here we evaluate the following water parameters in the pomacentrid sergeant major, Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), to assess their stress level during a 24, 48, and 72 hours transport: dissolved oxygen (DO), total ammonia, and pH. In addition, we evaluated the following physiological parameters: plasma osmolality, muscle water content, blood glucose, and the enzyme activities of the branchial carbonic anhydrase (CA), the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The mortality of fish measuring >6 cm total length was 22%, while no mortality was observed for fish measuring <6 cm. The pH of the water was significantly correlated with fish mortality, especially for the initial 24 hours of transport. Hypoxia after 24–48 hours also led to fish mortality, but build up ammonia was not a problem even after 72 hours. We suggest that a minimum water volume of 125 ml/g fish is necessary for safe and cost-effective transport of the sergeant major, preferably with <6 cm in total length.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e25083
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e25083
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/25083/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/25083/download/pdf/
en
10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
2019-06-04
zoologia
Activity budget and social behavior of urban capuchin monkeys, Sapajus sp. (Primates: Cebidae)
Back,Janaína
Suzin,Adriane
Aguiar,Lucas
Anthropic influence
food provisioning
Neotropical primates
urban wildlife
Zoologia 36: 1-10
Constant changes in natural environments impose challenges to wild animal populations, especially those that depend on social life. We gathered data on the activity budget and social interactions of a capuchin monkey (Sapajus sp.) group of 17 individuals confined to an urban green area receiving human food supplementation. We observed the capuchins between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, three days a month, between January 2012 and June 2013 (total of 530 hours of direct observations). We collected 15,208 behavioral records through instantaneous scan sampling and 2,538 events of social interaction in an adapted version of the “all occurrences” method. Activity budget of capuchins was dominated by traveling (42%) and foraging (38%), followed by feeding (10%), social interactions (5%), resting (4%), and others (2%). Except for feeding, the time spent on other activities varied across sex-age classes. Social interactions of capuchins were dominated by affiliative interactions (80%), mainly social play, followed by agonistic (11%) and cooperative (10%) interactions. Sexual interactions were rare (0.4%) and often involved juveniles (45% of the events). Juveniles performed most of the social interactions, followed by the alpha male, and were the main receptors of grooming, food sharing, and agonism. On the other hand, they were the main group involved in allocarrying of infants. Grooming between females and from them to alpha male was infrequent. However, grooming of the alpha male towards the adult females was frequent. We interpreted the deviations in the activity budget and social interactions of the urban capuchins as effects of human food supplementation and restriction on dispersal, illustrating the behavioral ability of capuchin monkeys to adjust their activity in human-altered environments.
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1984-4689
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
CC BY 4.0
Pensoft Publishers
2019
Research Article
text/html
info:doi:10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/30845/
https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/30845/download/pdf/
en
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